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Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats.
J Vis Exp
December 2024
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Fairfield University;
Across all animal species, exposure to stressful conditions induces stress responses. One method to study the effects of stress using rodent models is the restraint stress procedure. Restraint stress has been used for decades to investigate changes in physiology, genetics, neurobiology, immunology, and other systems impacted by stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential effects of liraglutide naltrexone/bupropion, and caloric restriction on metabolic parameters and beta-cell regeneration in type 2 diabetic rat model: role of beta arrestin 1.
J Mol Histol
December 2024
The Departments of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
Traditional antidiabetic treatments often carry the risk of beta-cell exhaustion, highlighting the need for therapies that promote beta-cell regeneration. This study investigates the comparative effects of Liraglutide, naltrexone/bupropion (NTX + BUP), and caloric restriction on metabolic control and beta-cell regeneration in a rat model of obese type 2 diabetes. Fifty male albino rats were randomized into five groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic + caloric restriction (50%), diabetic + NTX + BUP (4 mg/45 mg /kg/day orally), and diabetic + liraglutide (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsights and progress on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and physiological functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): a review.
PeerJ
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is a non-protein amino acid that occurs naturally in the human brain, animals, plants and microorganisms. It is primarily produced by the irreversible action of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) on the α-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid. As a major neurotransmitter in the brain, GABA plays a crucial role in behavior, cognition, and the body's stress response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUse of vasopressors in patients with acute kidney injury on continuous kidney replacement therapy.
PLoS One
December 2024
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America.
Objective: To investigate whether the use of a specific vasopressor was associated with increased mortality or adverse outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT).
Methods: Patients with AKI who underwent CKRT between 1/1/2012-1/1/2021 at a tertiary academic hospital were included. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the relationship between time-dependent vasopressor dose and in-hospital mortality.
Effects of valproic acid, levetiracetam, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine on thyroid function tests in children.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)
December 2024
Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology - Denizli, Turkey.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of commonly used medications for epilepsy on thyroid function tests in children.
Methods: Epileptic children treated with valproic acid, levetiracetam, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine were retrospectively examined along with a healthy control group. Levels of free thyroxine 4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone were compared.
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