Successful renal transplantation in polyarteritis nodosa.

Hemodialysis and renal transplantation were performed in a patient with end stage renal disease caused by polyarteritis nodosa. Severe peripheral neuropathy developed during hemodialysis. Five years after transplantation, marked improvement of the neuropathy associated with adequate function of the allograft has been noted. There has been no detectable clinical or pathologic signs of recurrent disease. These observations favor the consideration of renal transplantation in patients with polyarteritis nodosa and renal failure, particularly in the absence of extensive organ involvement.