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BoNT/Action beyond Neurons.
Toxicon
January 2025
National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has expanded its therapeutic uses beyond neuromuscular disorders to include treatments for various pain syndromes and neurological conditions. Originally recognized for blocking acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, BoNT/A's effects extend to both peripheral and central nervous systems. Its ability to undergo retrograde transport allows BoNT/A to modulate synaptic transmission and reduce pain centrally, influencing neurotransmitter systems beyond muscle control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstragaloside IV ameliorates autism-like behaviors in BTBR mice by modulating Camk2n2-dependent OXPHOS and neurotransmission in the mPFC.
J Adv Res
January 2025
Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. Electronic address:
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a multifaceted set of neurodevelopmental conditions marked by social deficits and repetitive behaviors. Astragaloside IV (ASIV), a natural compound derived from the traditional Chinese herb Astragali Radix, exhibits robust neuroprotective effects. However, whether ASIV can ameliorate behavioral deficits in ASD remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrastructural Study and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Mesencephalic Tegmentum in Juvenile Chum Salmon () Brain After Acute Traumatic Injury.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
The ultrastructural organization of the nuclei of the tegmental region in juvenile chum salmon () was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dorsal tegmental nuclei (DTN), the nucleus of (NFLM), and the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (NIII) were studied. The ultrastructural examination provided detailed ultrastructural characteristics of neurons forming the tegmental nuclei and showed neuro-glial relationships in them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKetamine administration during adolescence impairs synaptic integration and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the adult dentate gyrus.
Prog Neurobiol
January 2025
Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago, Chile. Electronic address:
Ketamine administration during adolescence affects cognitive performance; however, its long-term impact on synaptic function and neuronal integration in the hippocampus a brain region critical for cognition remains unclear. Using functional and molecular analyses, we found that chronic ketamine administration during adolescence exerts long-term effects on synaptic integration, expanding the temporal window in an input-specific manner affecting the inner molecular layer but not the medial perforant path inputs in the adult mouse dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus. Ketamine also alters the excitatory/inhibitory balance by reducing the efficacy of inhibitory inputs likely due to a reduction in parvalbumin-positive interneurons number and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Plasticity and Cell Competition: Immediate Early Genes Are the Focus.
Cells
January 2025
Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia.
Brain plasticity is at the basis of many cognitive functions, including learning and memory. It includes several mechanisms of synaptic and extrasynaptic changes, neurogenesis, and the formation and elimination of synapses. The plasticity of synaptic transmission involves the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) that regulate neuronal activity, thereby supporting learning and memory.
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