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The role of candidate pharmacogenetic variants in determining valproic acid efficacy, toxicity and concentrations in patients with epilepsy.
Front Pharmacol
October 2024
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Article Synopsis
- Antiseizure medications, like valproic acid (VPA), show different results in patients due to genetic factors, though there's limited research specifically on VPA compared to other drugs.
- This study aimed to analyze how genetic variations influence the effectiveness, side effects, and serum levels of VPA in patients with genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE).
- The results revealed that certain genetic variants are linked to treatment failure, increased serum levels, weight gain, and hair loss among GGE patients using VPA, suggesting a need for personalized medication approaches.
COVID-19 and severe cutaneous allergic reactions to sulfonamides.
Allergy Asthma Proc
November 2024
From the Section of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania and.
Sulfonamides are associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggers an immune response, which may increase the likelihood of developing a hypersensitivity reaction. We sought to explore the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the probability of developing SCARs and/or erythema multiforme (EM) reactions to sulfonamides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Rare Case of Hemodialysis as an Extracorporeal Treatment for Severe Phenytoin Overdose.
Cureus
September 2024
Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA.
Phenytoin is a well-known anticonvulsant medication that is useful in the management of most seizure disorders. Given the narrow therapeutic index of 10-20 mg/mL, acute phenytoin overdose can occur with either oral or intravenous administration. There is no distinct antidote to phenytoin, and therefore supportive care is the treatment of choice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating the performance of multi-omics integration: a thyroid toxicity case study.
Arch Toxicol
October 2024
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Multi-omics data integration is a key focus in toxicology for better understanding cellular responses to chemical exposure; the study reviews current practices and provides guidelines for optimal multi-omics research design.
- Despite recognizing the benefits, the researchers found limited availability of comprehensive multi-omics datasets, hindering a full evaluation of the methodologies used in toxicology.
- In their own study on thyroid toxicity, they utilized a multi-omics approach to identify regulatory responses and discovered that integrating multiple omics layers enhances data interpretation and reveals insights into mechanisms like non-coding RNA involvement.
Anti-GABAB Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Report of a Rare Case in Central America.
Cureus
August 2024
Department of Neurology, Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, CRI.
Article Synopsis
- - The text discusses a rare case of anti-GABAB receptor autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in a 21-year-old male in Central America, where he presented with new onset seizures and status epilepticus after ruling out other potential causes.
- - Diagnostic tests indicated lymphocytic pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid and positive anti-GABAB1-B2 receptor antibodies, leading to a confirmed diagnosis of AE despite initial normal imaging results.
- - Treatment included corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and immunoglobulin therapy, resulting in significant improvement; the patient has been seizure-free for seven months but is undergoing cognitive rehabilitation for mild cognitive decline.
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