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Fatty acid desaturase 3-mediated α-linolenic acid biosynthesis in plants.
Plant Physiol
January 2025
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA.
Omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of cell membranes that also serve as precursors of numerous regulatory molecules. α-linolenic acid (ALA), one of the most important ω3 FAs in plants, is synthesized in both the plastid and extraplastidial compartments. FA Desaturase (FAD) 3 is an extraplastidial enzyme that converts linoleic acid (LA) to ALA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Transcriptome Changes Associated With an Acute Increase of Protein O-GlcNAcylation and Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease.
J Neurochem
January 2025
Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Enhancing protein O-GlcNAcylation by pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) has been considered as a strategy to decrease tau and amyloid-beta phosphorylation, aggregation, and pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is still more to be learned about the impact of enhancing global protein O-GlcNAcylation, which is important for understanding the potential of using OGA inhibition to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the acute effect of pharmacologically increasing O-GlcNAc levels, using the OGA inhibitor Thiamet G (TG), in normal mouse brains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLEDGF/p75 promotes transcriptional pausing through preventing SPT5 phosphorylation.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
SPT5 exhibits versatile functions in RNA Pol II promoter proximal pausing, pause release, and elongation in metazoans. However, the mechanism underlying the functional switch of SPT5 during early elongation has not been fully understood. Here, we report that the phosphorylation site-rich domain (PRD)/CTR1 and the prion-like domain (PLD)/CTR2, which are situated adjacent to each other within the C-terminal repeat (CTR) in SPT5, play pivotal roles in Pol II pausing and elongation, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNitrous oxide production via enzymatic nitroxyl from the nitrifying archaeon .
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most abundant microorganisms on earth and are known to be a major source of nitrous oxide (NO) emissions, although biochemical origins of this NO remain unknown. Enzymological details of AOA nitrogen metabolism are broadly unavailable. We report the recombinant expression, purification, and characterization of a multicopper oxidase, Nmar_1354, from the AOA .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) deficiency on skeletal muscle development.
FEBS J
January 2025
Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Pathogenic variants in HMGCR were recently linked to a limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) phenotype. The protein product HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) catalyzes a key component of the cholesterol synthesis pathway. The two other muscle diseases associated with HMGCR, statin-associated myopathy (SAM) and autoimmune anti-HMGCR myopathy, are not inherited in a Mendelian pattern.
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