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Quantification of the immunometabolite protein modifications S-2-succinocysteine and 2,3-dicarboxypropylcysteine.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab

April 2024

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States.

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite fumarate nonenzymatically reacts with the amino acid cysteine to form S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC), referred to as protein succination. The immunometabolite itaconate accumulates during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of macrophages and microglia. Itaconate nonenzymatically reacts with cysteine residues to generate 2,3-dicarboxypropylcysteine (2,3-DCP), referred to as protein dicarboxypropylation.

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Carbocisteine promotes phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by alveolar macrophages.

Eur J Pharmacol

February 2012

Development Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan.

Clearance of apoptotic cells, so-called efferocytosis, by alveolar macrophages (AMs) is important for lung homeostasis and is impaired in pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Carbocisteine, a mucoregulatory drug, corrects the contents of fucose in airway mucus and has anti-inflammatory properties in airway inflammation. Thus, we conducted the present study to better understand the anti-inflammatory properties of carbocisteine.

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Background And Objective: Carbocysteine (S-carboxymethylcysteine) is a mucoactive drug with in vitro free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. Several clinical trials have indicated that carbocysteine reduces exacerbation rates in COPD. In the present study, the effect of carbocysteine on the airway load of Haemophilus influenzae was assessed in rats chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS).

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Background And Purpose: Montelukast and S-carbocysteine have been used in asthmatic patients as an anti-inflammatory or mucolytic agent respectively. S-carbocysteine also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.

Experimental Approach: Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized BALB/c mice were challenged with OVA for 3 days followed by single OVA re-challenge (secondary challenge) 2 weeks later.

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Almost all of fucose and sialic acid in mucus are found on the mucus glycoproteins (mucins), and these sugar components on mucins are known to be associated with the viscous property of mucus. We have reported some aspects of carbocisteine, a mucoregulatory drug, correcting fucose and sialic acid contents in mucus. At present, carbocisteine's expectorant action of airway mucus is postulated to involve - the regulation of fucose and sialic acid contents on mucins.

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