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Background: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often experience burdensome neuropsychiatric symptoms, including agitation which occurs in both home and long-term care (LTC) facilities, and is associated with substantial increases in caregiver burden and LTC placements. AXS-05 (45-mg dextromethorphan/105-mg bupropion), a novel, oral NMDA receptor antagonist and sigma-1 receptor agonist, approved by the FDA for major depressive disorder, is being investigated for treatment of AD agitation (ADA). AXS-05 has been evaluated in 2 randomized, double-blind studies: Phase 2 ADVANCE-1 (NCT03226522); Phase 3 ACCORD (NCT04797715).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
BioXcel Therapeutics, New Haven, CT, USA.
Background: BXCL501, a sublingual film formulation of dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist, is currently being studied for the acute treatment of agitation associated with dementia.
Method: This was a Phase 1b/2 study assessing efficacy and tolerability of BXCL501 for treatment of acute agitation associated with dementia. Subjects were randomized to active treatment with BXCL501 (30, 40, or 60µg) or placebo.
Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Background: Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most common cause of dementia, is characterized by cognitive decline due to reduced cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier disruption. Current evidence demonstrates that not only are VaD patients at higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness and mortality, but also that pre-existing cognitive dysfunction/dementia is associated with increased COVID-19 incidence. Conversely, SARS-CoV-2 infection alone worsens dementia-related mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and increases risk of cognitive decline, supported by similar fMRI findings demonstrating hypoperfusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDementia Care Practice.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Background: Persons living with dementia (PLwD) are hospitalized at greater rates than adults without dementia and experience more adverse outcomes. The use of dementia friendly practices is increasingly common, but definitions for the concept vary. This study describes the fieldwork phase of a hybrid approach to concept development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombination Antithrombotic Therapy for Reduction of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease.
Stroke
January 2025
Population Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (M.A.S., J.W.E., A.H.K., A. Shoamanesh, A.T., R.G.H., A.C., R.Z.).
Background: Stroke secondary to intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is associated with high recurrence risk despite currently available secondary prevention strategies. In patients with systemic atherosclerosis, a significant reduction of stroke risk with no increase in intracranial or fatal hemorrhage was seen when rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily was added to aspirin.
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