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Subtype-specific neurons from patient iPSCs display distinct neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease.
Cell Regen
October 2024
Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, No. 9 Xing Dao Huan Bei Road, Guangdong Province, 510005, China.
Article Synopsis
- - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) leads to significant loss of specific types of neurons in the brain, particularly glutamatergic and cholinergic neurons, which are linked to cognitive decline in patients.
- - The study developed systems to differentiate patient-derived iPSCs into basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) to investigate their response to Aβ oligomers, finding that BFCNs secreted less Aβ peptide and were less sensitive to certain toxic effects compared to cortical neurons.
- - Distinct electrophysiological responses and neuropathological changes were observed between AD-BFCNs and cortical glutamatergic neurons, suggesting that different neuron types react differently to the pathological environment of AD, aiding in
Structural basis of α-latrotoxin transition to a cation-selective pore.
Nat Commun
October 2024
Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University Münster, Münster, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The black widow spider's venom contains a range of neurotoxic latrotoxins (LTXs), with the most significant one being α-LTX, which affects vertebrates by disrupting neurotransmitter release at nerve terminals.
- α-LTX is composed of multiple structural domains and functions by forming tetramers that create calcium-conductive pores in the presynaptic membrane, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood.
- New cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) studies reveal structural changes in α-LTX that allow it to insert into membranes and form cation-permeable channels, providing insights that could lead to new medical and technological advancements.
Neurotoxicity of the antineoplastic drugs: "Doxorubicin" as an example.
J Mol Histol
December 2024
Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
There is an increased prevalence of cancer, and chemotherapy is widely and routinely utilized to manage the majority of cancers; however, administration of chemotherapeutic drugs has faced limitations concerning the "off-target" cytotoxicity. Chemobrain and impairment of neurocognitive functions have been observed in a significant fraction of cancer patients or survivors and reduce their life quality; this could be ascribed to the ability of chemotherapeutic drugs to alter the structure and function of the brain. Doxorubicin (DOX), an FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drug with therapeutic effectiveness, is commonly used to treat several carcinomas clinically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin attenuates affective disorders and cognitive deficits induced by perinatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide via antioxidant pathway in adult male and female rats.
Int J Dev Neurosci
November 2024
Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.
The massive use of herbicides, particularly glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), raises several worries, notably their neurotoxic effects. Several studies have explored the consequences of developmental exposure. Our work aims to determine the impact of maternal exposure to GBH on behavioral disorders and memory deficits, as well as the involvement of oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPesticide metabolite 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol causes massive damage to the cochlea resulting in hearing loss in adult mice.
Environ Pollut
November 2024
School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Pesticides are chemicals that can be very harmful and might affect how well we hear.
- A study on mice showed that a specific pesticide, TCP, can hurt their hearing by damaging important cells in the ear over time.
- The exposure to TCP caused stress and inflammation in the ear, leading to changes that could make it hard for them to hear properly.
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