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Background: Pivotal Alzheimer's Disease (AD) trials typically require thousands of participants, resulting in long enrollment timelines and substantial costs. We leverage deep learning predictive models to create prognostic scores (forecasted control outcome) of trial participants and in combination with a linear statistical model to increase statistical power in randomized clinical trials (RCT). This is a straightforward extension of the traditional RCT analysis, allowing for ease of use in any clinical program.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In Alzheimer's Disease (AD) trials, clinical scales are used to assess treatment effect in patients. Minimizing statistical uncertainty of trial outcomes is an important consideration to increase statistical power. Machine learning models can leverage baseline data to create AI-generated digital twins - individualized predictions (or prognostic scores) of how each patient's clinical outcomes may change during a trial assuming they received placebo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContributions of associative and non-associative learning to the dynamics of defensive ethograms.
Elife
December 2024
Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States.
Defensive behavior changes based on threat intensity, proximity, and context of exposure, and learning about danger-predicting stimuli is critical for survival. However, most Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigms focus only on freezing behavior, obscuring the contributions of associative and non-associative mechanisms to dynamic defensive responses. To thoroughly investigate defensive ethograms, we subjected male and female adult C57BL/6 J mice to a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm that paired footshock with a serial compound stimulus (SCS) consisting of distinct tone and white noise (WN) stimulus periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Miseducation: Perspectives on Sexuality Education from Black Women in the US South.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
November 2024
Ibis Reproductive Health, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
Over the last three decades, the receipt of formal sexuality education has declined, with half of adolescents nationwide receiving the minimum Healthy People standard of sexuality education from 2015 to 2019. Further, racial and geographic inequities in sexuality education remain, with Black women and girls more likely to receive abstinence-only-until-marriage instruction. We sought to describe Black women's sexual education in two southern states, North Carolina and Georgia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransitive reasoning in the adult domestic hen in a six-term series task.
Anim Cogn
November 2024
CNRS, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC (Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements), Nouzilly, Indre-et-Loire, F-37380, France.
Transitive inference (TI) is a disjunctive syllogism that allows an individual to indirectly infer a relationship between two components, by knowing their respective relationship to a third component (if A > B and B > C, then A > C). The common procedure is the 5-term series task, in which individuals are tested on indirect, unlearned relations. Few bird species have been tested for TI to date, which limits our knowledge of the phylogenetic spread of such reasoning ability.
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