Ciguatoxin, the agent responsible for ciguatera, a disease produced in humans from ingestion of certain fishes, has been isolated from specimens of the moray eel, Gymnothorax javanicus. The toxin is apparently a lipid containing quaternary nitrogen, hydroxyl, and carbonyl functions.
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Optimization of the Extraction Protocol for Pacific Ciguatoxins from Marine Products Prior to Analysis Using the Neuroblastoma Cell-Based Assay.
Mar Drugs
January 2025
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 241-SECOPOL (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), P.O. Box 6570, 98702 Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is caused by the consumption of marine products contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates of the genus . Analytical methods for CTXs, involving the extraction/purification of trace quantities of CTXs from complex matrices, are numerous in the literature. However, little information on their effectiveness for nonpolar CTXs is available, yet these congeners, contributing to the risk of CP, are required for the establishment of effective food safety monitoring programs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigation of 44-methylgambierone reactivity with periodate: Structural reassignment, solvent instability and formation of a furanoid analogue.
Toxicon
November 2024
Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway.
Gambierones are sulfated polyethers produced by benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus, Coolia and Fukuyoa. While relative toxicity data for gambierones suggests they are low compared with ciguatoxin analogues, gambierones have been suggested for use as marker compounds for environmental monitoring programs for the presence of Gambierdiscus in marine waters. The published structure of gambierone and analogues of it, including 44-methylgambierone (44-MeGAM), have been reported to possess 1,2- and 4,5-cis diols, while only the 1,2- diol unit has been shown to undergo periodate oxidation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphological, Toxicological, and Biochemical Characterization of Two Species of from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California.
Mar Drugs
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Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz CP 23096, Mexico.
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- * Analysis of pigments and amino acid profiles was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography, revealing seven pigments and a unique amino acid profile across the strains studied.
- * All isolated strains exhibited toxicity associated with ciguatera fish poisoning, marking the first report of these species in the Mexican Pacific, where CFP incidents have been documented.
Isolation of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-5 (C-CTX5) and confirmation of its structure by NMR spectroscopy.
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Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1 Canada.
Ciguatera poisoning occurs throughout subtropical and tropical regions globally. The Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea is a known hyperendemic region for ciguatera and has been associated with Caribbean ciguatoxin (C-CTX) contamination in fish. An algal C-CTX (C-CTX5) was identified in and isolated from benthic algal samples collected in waters south St.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Prevalence of Marine Lipophilic Phycotoxins Causes Potential Risks in a Tropical Small Island Developing State.
Environ Sci Technol
June 2024
State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, China.
Tropical small island developing states (SIDS), with their geographical isolation and limited resources, heavily rely on the fisheries industry for food and revenue. The presence of marine lipophilic phycotoxins (MLPs) poses risks to their economy and human health. To understand the contamination status and potential risks, the Republic of Kiribati was selected as the representative tropical SIDS and 55 species of 256 coral reef fish encompassing multiple trophic levels and feeding strategies were collected to analyze 17 typical MLPs.
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