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Elective surgery for acute pain in patients with substance use disorder: lessons learned at a rural neurosurgical center. Patient series.
J Neurosurg Case Lessons
March 2022
4Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Background: The incidence of pain-generating degenerative spinal problems in patients who are currently using or have previously used drugs has increased as substance use disorder (SUD) becomes a chronic, lifelong condition. Health system-level data in recent years indicate a significant increase in patients with coexisting SUD and degenerative disc disease, representing an emerging population. A retrospective electronic medical record review identified seven patients with SUD who underwent elective spine surgery by orthopedic or neurosurgical staff from 2012 to 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFalse-positive interferences of common urine drug screen immunoassays: a review.
J Anal Toxicol
September 2014
Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego Health Systems, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
Urine drug screen (UDS) immunoassays are a quick and inexpensive method for determining the presence of drugs of abuse. Many cross-reactivities exist with other analytes, potentially causing a false-positive result in an initial drug screen. Knowledge of these potential interferents is important in determining a course of action for patient care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe HIV antiretroviral drug efavirenz has LSD-like properties.
Neuropsychopharmacology
November 2013
Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Anecdotal reports have surfaced concerning misuse of the HIV antiretroviral medication efavirenz ((4S)-6-chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one) by HIV patients and non-infected teens who crush the pills and smoke the powder for its psychoactive effects. Molecular profiling of the receptor pharmacology of efavirenz pinpointed interactions with multiple established sites of action for other known drugs of abuse including catecholamine and indolamine transporters, and GABAA and 5-HT(2A) receptors. In rodents, interaction with the 5-HT(2A) receptor, a primary site of action of lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), appears to dominate efavirenz's behavioral profile.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrescription drug misuse among antisocial youths.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs
November 2010
Department of Behavioral Science, 122 Medical Behavioral Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0086, USA.
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and correlates of nonmedical prescription drug misuse (PDM) in a state population of youths in residential care for antisocial behavior.
Method: Interviews assessing substance use, psychiatric symptoms, antisocial traits/behavior, and traumatic life experiences were conducted with 723 Missouri youths. Participants were predominantly male (87.
Early preclinical studies of discriminable sedative and hallucinogenic drug effects.
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
April 2009
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rationale: One important technique in behavioral pharmacology is to train laboratory animals to discriminate between a psychoactive drug effect and a nondrug condition. Tests with different drugs have identified several categories of drugs that have different discriminable effects.
Objectives: The two authors describe and discuss the early research on discriminable effects of sedative and hallucinogenic drugs and their acquaintance with each other at Yale University prior to their early and frequent publications on discriminable drug effects.
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