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Severe sepsis is cognate with life threatening multi-organ dysfunction. There is a disturbance in endocrine functions with alterations in several hormonal pathways. It has frequently been linked with dysfunction in the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetic Kidney Disease.
Dis Mon
January 2025
Division of Nephrology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine in Dallas, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
Diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause of kidney failure worldwide and is easily detectable with screening examination. Diabetes causes hyperfiltration and activation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system by hemodynamic changes within the nephron, which perpetuates damaging physiology. Diagnosis is often clinical after detection of heavy proteinuria in a patient with diabetes,but can be confirmed by observation of histologic stages on kidney biopsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Game Charger in the Field?
Life (Basel)
November 2024
General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus Agios Panteleimon, Center for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", 18454 Piraeus, Greece.
Kidney disease is a public health epidemic affecting 10% of the population worldwide with a constantly rising incidence, and it is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic complex condition with a rising incidence worldwide. T2DM remains the principal cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is related to a high risk for cardiovascular (CV) events, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and, overall, considerable morbidity and mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrating the new pharmacological standard of care with traditional nutritional interventions in non-dialysis CKD.
J Nephrol
November 2024
Nephrology and Dialysis Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Hospital Sant'Anna E San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as a leading and growing contributor to global morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nutritional therapy is the basic treatment for metabolic control, and may contribute to nephroprotection; however, the absence of solid evidence on slowing CKD progression together with poor adherence to dietary prescription limit de facto its efficacy and prevent its more widespread use. Sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are now considered the new standard of care in CKD; in addition, novel potassium binders, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists (GLP1-RAs) and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (nsMRAs) show either direct (SGLT2i, GLP1-RA, nsMRA) or indirect (potassium binders that enable the optimal use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors) nephroprotective effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathophysiology of vascular ageing and the effect of novel cardio-renal protective medications in preventing progression of chronic kidney disease in people living with diabetes.
Diabet Med
February 2025
School of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Aim: Among people with diabetes those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a reduced life expectancy with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. CKD related to diabetes is growing worldwide and is one of the leading causes of kidney failure globally. Diabetes is associated with accelerated vascular ageing and the related mechanisms and mediators that drive the progression of CKD and CVD disease in people with diabetes may help provide insights into the pathophysiology of cardio-renal complications and guide treatment interventions in people with diabetes.
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