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Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common cause of fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with increased offspring predisposition for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Mitochondria are essential organelles in maintaining cardiac function, and thus, fetal cardiac mitochondria could be responsive to the IUGR environment. In this study, we investigated whether in utero fetal cardiac mitochondrial programming can be detectable in an early stage of IUGR pregnancy.

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Innate Immunity of Neonates and Infants.

Front Immunol

September 2019

Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.

Many important events occur at birth. The fetus is suddenly removed from a protected intra-uterine environment that is aquatic, warm, and nearly sterile, to the dry, cold external world laden with microbes. To survive, the neonate must interact with many organisms, making use of some, while vigorously defending against the others like a nation conducting trade with friendly countries and guarding against hostile ones from invading it, waging wars if necessary.

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EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) in a growth restricted fetus with tracheal atresia.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol

February 2018

Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) encompasses a heterogeneous group of pathologies leading to poor lung development and difficulty oxygenating the newborn after delivery. While previously uniformly fatal, the ex utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT) procedure has provided a method to treat these patients and provide an airway to potentiate survival. We present a patient diagnosed prenatally with CHAOS secondary to tracheal atresia complicated by severe intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) who was successfully delivered via an EXIT procedure at 33-weeks.

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Environment-physiology, diet quality and energy balance: the influence of early life nutrition on future energy balance.

Physiol Behav

July 2014

Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.

Diseases caused by impaired regulation of energy balance, in particular obesity, represent a major global health burden. Although polymorphisms, lifestyle and dietary choices have been associated with differential risk of obesity and related conditions, a substantial proportion of the variation in disease risk remains unexplained. Evidence from epidemiological studies, natural experiments and from studies in animal models has shown that a poor intra-uterine environment is associated causally with increased risk of obesity and metabolic disease in adulthood.

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Differences in human birth weight and corollary attributes as a result of temperature regime.

Ann Hum Biol

March 2014

Department for Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg , Denmark and.

Background: Birth weight (BW) is an important attribute of human populations affecting post-natal mortality and later life morbidity, such as diabetes and reduced cognitive skills. BW is influenced by many factors, whereof temperature regime represents an important factor.

Methods: By applying a generalized linear model, the impact of temperatures, altitude, nutrition, age at motherhood and other potential causes for BW variation were evaluated in more than 60 countries worldwide.

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