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The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins on the serotonin (hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) released from the raphe nuclei (RN).
Neuropeptides
January 2025
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins (UCN1, UCN2 and UCN3) belong to the same CRF family of neuropeptides. They regulate the neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses to stress via two CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2). Stress, anxiety and depression affects the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the serotoninergic neurotransmission, both being regulated by CRF and CRF-related peptides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain distribution study of [C]-Riluzole following intranasal administration in mice.
Int J Pharm
January 2025
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. Electronic address:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) presents a substantial challenge due to its complex nature, limited effective treatment options, and modest benefits from current therapies in slowing disease progression. This study explores the potential of intranasal (IN) delivery to enhance the CNS delivery of riluzole (RLZ), a standard ALS treatment which is subject to blood-brain barrier efflux mechanisms. Additionally, the impact of elacridar (ELC), an efflux pump inhibitor, on IN RLZ CNS bioavailability was examined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins on the noradrenaline (NA) released from the locus coeruleus (LC).
Peptides
December 2024
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulates the noradrenergic neurotransmission, both processes being implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but the intimate site and mechanism of interaction of CRF and CRF-related peptides, named urocortins (UCN1, UCN2, UCN3), with noradrenaline (NA) was not fully elucidated yet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the actions of CRF and urocortins on the NA released from the rat locus coeruleus (LC), the primary source of NA in the brain, and the participation of CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) in these actions. In order to do so, male Wistar rats were used, their LC were isolated and dissected, and the LC slices were incubated with tritium-labelled NA, superfused and stimulated electrically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative Validation of Scintillator Materials for X-Ray-Mediated Neuronal Control in the Deep Brain.
Int J Mol Sci
October 2024
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan.
When exposed to X-rays, scintillators emit visible luminescence. X-ray-mediated optogenetics employs scintillators for remotely activating light-sensitive proteins in biological tissue through X-ray irradiation. This approach offers advantages over traditional optogenetics, allowing for deeper tissue penetration and wireless control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced Timing Performance of Dual-Ended PET Detectors for Brain Imaging Using Dual-Finishing Crystal Approach.
Sensors (Basel)
October 2024
Brightonix Imaging Inc., Seoul 04782, Republic of Korea.
This study presents a novel approach to enhancing the timing performance of dual-ended positron emission tomography (PET) detectors for brain imaging by employing a dual-finishing crystal method. The proposed method integrates both polished and unpolished surfaces within the scintillation crystal block to optimize time-of-flight (TOF) and depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolutions. A dual-finishing detector was constructed using an 8 × 8 LGSO array with a 2 mm pitch, and its performance was compared against fully polished and unpolished crystal blocks.
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