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Colorectal cancer and inulin supplementation: the good, the bad, and the unhelpful.
Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
July 2024
Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
The prebiotic inulin has been vaunted for its potential to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Inulin fermentation resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids, primarily butyrate, has been reported to be associated with properties that are beneficial for gut health and has led to an increased consumption of inulin in the Western population through processed food and over-the-counter dietary supplements. However, in clinical trials, there is limited evidence of the efficacy of inulin in preventing colorectal cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolygraph-based deception detection and Machine Learning. Combining the Worst of Both Worlds?
Forensic Sci Int Synerg
June 2024
University of Lausanne, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, School of Criminal Justice, 1015, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland.
At a time when developments in computational approaches, often associated with the now much-vaunted terms Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), face increasing challenges in terms of fairness, transparency and accountability, the temptation for researchers to apply mainstream ML methods to virtually any type of data seems to remain irresistible. In this paper we critically examine a recent proposal to apply ML to polygraph screening results (where human interviewers have made a conclusion about deception), which raises several questions about the purpose and the design of the research, particularly given the vacuous scientific status of polygraph-based procedures themselves. We argue that in high-stake environments such as criminal justice and employment practice, where fundamental rights and principles of justice are at stake, the legal and ethical considerations for scientific research are heightened.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Volunteer State: Latinx youth and the making of membership in Nashville, Tennessee.
J Anthropol N Am
July 2023
Brown University Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
Volunteering has long held a vaunted position in the United States, which has only increased in the wake of welfare reform and the retraction of the state from the provision of public goods. This article explores how immigrant-origin Latinx youth in Nashville, Tennessee, who are active community volunteers linked volunteering to moral personhood and their claims to national membership. This linkage is based on an internalized deficit perception of the Latinx immigrant person as an immoral national interloper and a stigmatization and racialization of economic need.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCaring to deny, confront, shiver: negativity as a critique of the "natural caregiver" stereotype in nursing.
Rev Esc Enferm USP
November 2023
Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil.
To discuss, based on Adorno's philosophy, the negativity of care in confronting the "natural caregiver" discourse in the profession and exercise discursive analysis of this stereotype based on the negative trihedron of care (deny, confront, shiver). Theoretical study that articulates negative dialectic with the biopolitics of caring for the body. Negativity of care, as an immanent criticism that emerges from the dialectic between help and power, aims to shiver at bodily suffering, a residue of nature violated by cultural discursive practices.
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