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Significance: Laparoscopic surgery is generally unavailable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to the high cost of installation and lack of qualified personnel to maintain and repair equipment. We developed a low-cost, durable, reusable laparoscopic system, called the KeyScope laparoscope, for use in LMICs. To reliably build and service the KeyScope in LMICs, a portable testing chamber (PTC) is needed to assess image performance.

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Significance: Laparoscopic surgery presents challenges in localizing oncological margins due to poor contrast between healthy and malignant tissues. Optical properties can uniquely identify various tissue types and disease states with high sensitivity and specificity, making it a promising tool for surgical guidance. Although spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) effectively measures quantitative optical properties, its deployment in laparoscopy is challenging due to the constrained imaging environment.

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Deep learning in surgical process modeling: A systematic review of workflow recognition.

J Biomed Inform

January 2025

Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), China. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The study explores how deep learning can improve surgical process modeling (SPM) in minimally invasive surgeries by recognizing workflows and patterns.
  • A thorough literature review revealed 59 relevant studies, showcasing the use of neural networks and transformers for analyzing surgical processes, though the annotation of surgical data is inconsistent across procedures.
  • Key challenges include the need for large, well-annotated datasets and integrating diverse data sources, with potential solutions involving advanced learning methods to minimize annotation efforts.
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Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has become the most popular weight loss surgery currently, but it inevitably leaves multiple small scars in the abdomen. Although the appearance of single-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy achieve better cosmetic results, it may lead to postoperative complications such as umbilical hernia and umbilical infection. The author has developed a new surgical approach that can compensate for these deficiencies, which we called needlescopic laparoscope sleeve gastrectomy (NLSG).

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Background: This paper aims to comprehensively review current designs of Multi-degree-of-freedom (Multi-DOF) wrist mechanisms and the applications of Multi-DOF surgical instruments in gastrointestinal minimally invasive surgery (MIS).

Methods: By reviewing the advantages and limitations of traditional laparoscopic and robotic surgical instruments, we present the development of Multi-DOF surgical instruments. Then, we summarize the Multi-DOF wrist mechanisms, delineating their pros and cons.

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