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Tuberculosis (TB) killed approximately 1.3 million people in 2022 and remains a leading cause of death from the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb); this number of deaths was surpassed only by COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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Effects of cytochalasin D on relaxation process of skinned taenia cecum and carotid artery from guinea pig.

J Physiol Sci

January 2025

Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-Ku, 116-8551, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:

Actin linked regulatory mechanisms are known to contribute contraction/relaxation in smooth muscle. In order to clarify whether modulation of polymerization/depolymerization of actin filaments affects relaxation process, we examined the effects of cytochalasin D on relaxation process by Ca removal after Ca-induced contraction of β-escin skinned (cell membrane permeabilized) taenia cecum and carotid artery preparations from guinea pigs. Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, significantly suppressed the force during relaxation both in skinned taenia cecum and carotid artery.

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Itaconate mechanism of action and dissimilation in .

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

January 2025

Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.

Itaconate, an abundant metabolite produced by macrophages upon interferon-γ stimulation, possesses both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. Despite its crucial role in immunity and antimicrobial control, its mechanism of action and dissimilation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that infection of mice with increases itaconate levels in lung tissues.

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Phosphate rebinding induces force reversal via slow backward cycling of cross-bridges.

Front Physiol

January 2025

Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.

Objective: Previous studies on muscle fibers, myofibrils, and myosin revealed that the release of inorganic phosphate (P) and the force-generating step(s) are reversible, with cross-bridges also cycling backward through these steps by reversing force-generating steps and rebinding P. The aim was to explore the significance of force redevelopment kinetics (rate constant ) in cardiac myofibrils for the coupling between the P binding induced force reversal and the rate-limiting transition for backward cycling of cross-bridges from force-generating to non-force-generating states.

Methods: and force generation of cardiac myofibrils from guinea pigs were investigated at 0.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a highly lethal infectious disease. The primary preventive measure is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a live attenuated vaccine. However, the current intradermal vaccination method with 10-dose vials faces challenges such as inadequate infant injection, inaccurate dispensing, and unstable storage.

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