The active transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the swim-bladder of fish.

The active transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the swim-bladder of fish is discussed. The rete mirabile is a capillary network which is involved in the gas secretion into the bladder. The rete is regarded as a counter-current multiplier. Lactic acid which is produced in the gas gland generates in the rete single concentrating effects for oxygen and carbon dioxide; i.e., for equal partial pressures the concentrations of the gases in the afferent rete capillaries are higher than those in the efferent ones. The single concentrating effects were calculated from measurements of sea robin blood (Root, 1931). The multiplication of these effects within the rete for different rete lengths and different transport rates was numerically evaluated. The calculated O and CO pressures in the bladder are in good agreement with the experimental results of Scholander and van Dam (1953). The descent velocities at equilibrium between bladder pressure and hydrostatic pressure are discussed for fishes with different rete lengths.