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Identification of the subventricular tegmental nucleus as brainstem reward center.
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Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
Rewards are essential for motivation, decision-making, memory, and mental health. We identified the subventricular tegmental nucleus (SVTg) as a brainstem reward center. In mice, reward and its prediction activate the SVTg, and SVTg stimulation leads to place preference, reduced anxiety, and accumbal dopamine release.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCellulose nanofiber-reinforced antimicrobial and antioxidant multifunctional hydrogel with self-healing, adhesion for enhanced wound healing.
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College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi'an 710021, China.
Current conventional wound dressings used for wound healing are often characterized by restricted bioactivity and devoid of multifunctionality resulting in suboptimal treatment and prolonged healing. Despite recent advances, the simultaneous incorporation of excellent flexibility, good mechanical performance, self-healing, bioactivity, and adhesion properties into the dressings without complicating their efficacy while maintaining simple synthesis remains a grand challenge. Herein, we effectively synthesized hybrid hydrogels of cellulose nanofiber (CNF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and curcumin-modified silver nanoparticles (cAg) through a one-step synthesis method based on hydrogen bonds, dynamic boronic ester bonds, and coordinate covalent bonds.
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Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China. Electronic address:
Polyphenols have potent antioxidant properties, but are easily degraded in the gastrointestinal tract, greatly limiting their application as dietary supplements. Therefore, the composition changes of lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins (LSOPC) in the gastrointestinal digestion, colonic fermentation and their absorption in Caco-2 cell monolayer were studied. The extracted LSOPC were identified using UPLC-Q-Exactive/MS, and a total of 47 compounds were identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActivation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons rapidly drives homeostatic sleep pressure.
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Department of Neuroscience, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Homeostatic sleep regulation is essential for optimizing the amount and timing of sleep for its revitalizing function, but the mechanism underlying sleep homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that optogenetic activation of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons immediately increased sleep propensity following a transient wakefulness, contrasting with many other arousal-promoting neurons whose activation induces sustained wakefulness. Fiber photometry showed that repeated optogenetic or sensory stimulation caused a rapid reduction of calcium activity in LC neurons and steep declines in noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE) release in both the LC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDF1-Methylxanthine enhances memory and neurotransmitter levels.
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1-Methylxanthine (1-MX) is the major metabolite of caffeine and paraxanthine and might contribute to their activity. 1-MX is an adenosine receptor antagonist and increases the release and survivability of neurotransmitters; however, no study has addressed the potential physiological effects of 1-MX ingestion. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 1-MX on memory and related biomarkers in rats compared to control.
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