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Morphogen gradients convey essential spatial information during tissue patterning. While both concentration and timing of morphogen exposure are crucial, how cells interpret these graded inputs remains challenging to address. We employed an optogenetic system to acutely and reversibly modulate the nuclear concentration of the morphogen Dorsal (DL), homologue of NF-κB, which orchestrates dorso-ventral patterning in the embryo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntranasal vs. intramuscular administration of azaperone, midazolam and ketamine in pigs.
Front Vet Sci
September 2024
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Objective: To compare the efficacy of intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) administrations of azaperone (3 mg kg), midazolam (0. 3 mg kg), and ketamine (7 mg kg) combination (AMK) in pigs. Study design: Randomized clinical trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBinding of the feature in the auditory domain: S-R or S-S binding; or both?
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove)
October 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Perceiving and reacting to multidimensional objects creates so-called event files via feature binding. Bogon, Thomaschke, and Dreisbach provided the first evidence for the integration of the feature into such event files. However, their paradigm did not allow for differentiation between stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response binding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Impact of Photopigment Bleaching on the Human Rod Photoreceptor Subretinal Space Measured Via Optical Coherence Tomography.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
March 2024
Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate rod photopigment bleaching-driven intrinsic optical signals (IOS) in the human outer retina and its measurement repeatability based on a commercial optical coherence tomography (OCT) platform.
Methods: The optical path length of the rod photoreceptor subretinal space (SRS), that is, the distance between signal bands of rod outer segment tips and retinal pigment epithelium, was measured in 15 healthy subjects in ambient light and during a long-duration bleaching white-light exposure.
Results: On 2 identical study days (day 1 and day 2 [D1 and D2]), light stimulation resulted in a significant decrease in rod SRS by 21.
Excitation-Inhibition Balance, Neural Criticality, and Activities in Neuronal Circuits.
Neuroscientist
January 2024
Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
Neural activities in local circuits exhibit complex and multilevel dynamic features. Individual neurons spike irregularly, which is believed to originate from receiving balanced amounts of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, known as the . The spatial-temporal cascades of clustered neuronal spikes occur in variable sizes and durations, manifested as neural avalanches with scale-free features.
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