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Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is a rare condition observed in three genetic diseases, including autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). PLD usually does not impair liver function, and advanced PLD becomes symptomatic when the enlarged liver compresses adjacent organs or increases intra-abdominal pressure. Currently, the diagnosis of PLD is mainly based on imaging, and genetic testing is not required except for complex cases.

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Photomodulative effects of low-level laser therapy on tracheal fenestration developed in in vivo model.

J Photochem Photobiol B

March 2023

Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

The effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on variable mucosal lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract has been reported. However, the effect of LLLT on tracheostomy sites or tracheal fenestration is rarely reported. In this study, we evaluate the effect of LLLT performed using 635 nm laser light based on a cylindrical diffuser and an animal model with tracheal fenestration.

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Several conventional treatments are used to manage tracheal stenosis after intubation and surgical procedures; however, patients are at risk of restenosis because of the absence of effective preventative therapy. In this study, we evaluate the biomodulatory effect of PT-combined blue light (BL) PBM in tracheostomal stenosis-induced animal models. The PT-combined BL group showed a significant decrease in the fibrotic protein synthesis by downregulating the release of stenosis-triggering fibrotic signals, without cytotoxicity or thermal damage.

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The report presents a case of non-standard two-stage treatment of post-traumatic multifocal cicatricial tracheal stenosis with atresia of subglottic larynx, involvement of vocal cords, and 33-year cannulation. At the first stage, bougienage through a tracheostomy, endoscopic argon plasma exposure, circular tracheoglottic resection with tracheostomy and / circle anastomosis, formation of a laryngotracheostomy with endoprosthetics were applied simultaneously. The second step was to eliminate the extensive fenestrated tracheo-laryngeal defect using titanium nickelide reinforcing implants.

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Subcutaneous Emphysema Following Open Tracheostomy During Tracheostomy Mask Ventilation.

Am J Case Rep

September 2022

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Dignity Health, Stockton, CA, USA.

BACKGROUND Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that is done by creating an ostomy in the anterior wall of the trachea to facilitate airway access and ventilation. It is indicated for acute respiratory failure after prolonged intubation, upper airway obstruction, difficult airway, and extensive secretions. Early perioperative complications include bleeding, pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum from a false tract, subcutaneous emphysema, esophageal perforation, and tracheal ring fractures.

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