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Selective Fetal Growth Restriction Leading to Cerebral Injury in Monochorionic Twins: A Case Report.
Cureus
December 2024
Neonatology Department, Daniel de Matos Maternity, Coimbra Local Health Unit, Coimbra, PRT.
Monochorionic twin pregnancies carry a risk of perinatal complications due to shared placental anastomoses, which can cause uneven blood distribution and lead to conditions like selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR). This case describes a monochorionic pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia and late-onset sFGR of twin B. Labor was prematurely induced and a 45% weight discordance between the twins was confirmed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe spleen in ischaemic heart disease.
Nat Rev Cardiol
January 2025
Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Ischaemic heart disease results from coronary atherosclerosis, which is linked to systemic inflammation involving various immune cells released by the spleen.
- Prolonged inflammation can lead to ischaemic heart failure, while the spleen's interaction with the nervous system can modulate immune responses and protect the heart from damage.
- Splenectomy, which removes the spleen, increases mortality risk from ischaemic heart disease, highlighting the spleen's crucial role in immune responses and cardiovascular protection.
Rare pathologic Placenta Ultrasound Findings.
Clin Obstet Gynecol
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas.
Rare ultrasound placenta findings, such as avascular cystic lesions, hyperechogenic and thick placenta, and enlarged placenta, are associated with infarcts, perivillous fibrin deposition, and mesenchymal dysplasia. These lesions can be present in 20% of normal pregnancies but are more frequent in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (PE) and/or fetal growth restriction, autoimmune diseases, and infections, and can increase the risk of perinatal complications, including fetal death. Evaluation of the placental surface may also identify cases with circumvallate placenta and chorioangiomas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUsefulness of decision tree analysis of MRI features for diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum in cases with placenta previa.
Jpn J Radiol
November 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on placenta previa complicated by placenta accrete spectrum (PAS), emphasizing the need for preoperative diagnosis to ensure proper management of this serious condition.
- Researchers analyzed MRI images from 145 patients to identify 11 features related to PAS, finding eight features significantly correlated with the condition, particularly placental/uterine bulge and myometrial thinning.
- A decision tree model, based on five key MRI features, was developed and demonstrated high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (95.5%) for predicting PAS in patients diagnosed with placenta previa.
Background: Placental health plays a critical role in pregnancy outcomes as it serves as the interface between the mother and fetus. High-risk pregnancies, such as those complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and sickle cell anaemia (SCA), are associated with significant alterations in placental morphology and histopathology, potentially leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. While previous studies have explored placental changes associated with either PIH or SCA, nobody has comparatively analysed these conditions to understand their unique and overlapping effects on placental pathology.
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