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An observational study investigating soluble immune checkpoints as indicators of severe COVID-19.

Microbiol Spectr

July 2024

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico.

This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory behavior of soluble immune checkpoints (sICPs) and other biomarkers in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included 59 adult participants, 43 of whom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients were divided into three cohorts: those with moderate disease ( = 16), recovered patients with severe disease ( = 13), and deceased patients with severe disease ( = 16).

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The mortality rate of cervical cancer is the highest among female malignant tumors and seriously threatens women's lives and health. Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer, which provides the basis for immunotherapy. In recent years, owing to progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the survival time of patients with cervical cancer has been significantly extended.

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Background: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a typical immuno-inhibitory cytokine and highly secreted by lung cancer cells. It was supposed that its immunosuppressive effects to NK cell might be related with the altered expression of activating and inhibitory molecules in lung cancer cells. In this study, we examined the expression of NKG2DLs, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in lung cancer cells after treatment of TGF-β and a TGF-β inhibitor, Galunisertib (LY2157299).

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Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC), although rare, carries significant morbidity and a high rate of recurrence. Treatment options beyond surgical excision remain limited. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and its binding partner galectin-3 (GAL-3) are an immuno-inhibitory checkpoint pair that represent potential immunotherapy targets for the treatment of vSCC.

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Cryo-thermal therapy induces macrophage polarization for durable anti-tumor immunity.

Cell Death Dis

March 2019

School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Many cancer therapies are being developed for the induction of durable anti-tumor immunity, especially for malignant tumors. The activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), can bridge innate and adaptive immune responses against tumors. However, APCs have an immunosuppressive phenotype and reversing it for effective tumor-specific antigen presenting is critical in developing new cancer treatment strategies.

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