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Causal association between gut microbiome and polycystic ovary syndrome: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Afr J Reprod Health

December 2024

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.

Through implementing a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study, the causal effects between gut microbiome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were analyzed. Summary statistics for PCOS were acquired from the FinnGen consortium R8 release data, which included 27,943 cases and 162,936 controls. The inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method was adopted for analysis.

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Has COVID-19 Affected the Course of Chickenpox in Children?

Viruses

December 2024

Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland.

Objectives Of The Study: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology and clinical course of chickenpox in children based on 6 years of self-reported observations.

Material And Methods: The medical records of 350 patients under 18 years of age hospitalised in the Department of Paediatrics, Infectious Diseases, and Hepatology between 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2023 were analysed retrospectively.

Results: During the analysed period, 350 children were hospitalised due to chickenpox, the fewest in the pandemic period, the greatest number in 2023.

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: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric infection worldwide and is the primary basis for pediatric primary care visits and antibiotic prescriptions in children. Current licensed vaccines have been incompletely ineffective at reducing the global burden of AOM, underscoring a major unmet medical need. The complex etiology of AOM presents additional challenges for vaccine development, as it can stem from multiple bacterial species including , , and .

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Background/objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral probiotic supplementation in preventing vulvovaginal infections (VVIs) in pregnant women, specifically focusing on abnormal vaginal flora (AVF), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Methods: A multicenter-prospective-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted during 2016-2019. Women with normal vaginal flora (Nugent score < 4 and no candida) were divided into a research group, receiving 2 capsules/day of oral probiotic formula containing , , , , , and , or a control group, receiving a placebo until delivery.

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The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq.

Microorganisms

December 2024

Oral Care Product Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA.

Various ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, a high-throughput bacterial transcriptomics study was conducted, and the gene expression profiles of six common oral bacteria, including two Gram-positive bacteria (, ) and four Gram-negative bacteria (, , , and ), were analyzed.

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