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Frequently asked questions on surrogate endpoints in oncology-opportunities, pitfalls, and the way forward.
EClinicalMedicine
October 2024
Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
Patients with cancer expect prolonged life (overall survival, OS) or better life (quality of life, QOL) from cancer treatments. However, majority of new cancer drugs are now being approved not based on improved OS or QOL, but based on surrogate endpoints such as tumor shrinkage or delayed tumor progression. These surrogate endpoints, including their validity as a proxy for overall survival, differ based on disease settings and lines of treatment but in general, most surrogate measures have weak correlation with outcomes that matter to patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation between somatic microsatellite instability, hypermutation status, and specific T cell subsets in colorectal cancer tumors.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States.
Background: Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-high) tumors comprise ~15% of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC) and are associated with elevated T cell infiltration. However, the universality of this response across T cell subtypes with distinct functions is unknown.
Methods: Including 1,236 CRC tumors from three observational studies, we conducted T cell profiling using a customized 9-plex (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA, CD45RO, FOXP3, KRT, MKI67, and DAPI) multispectral immunofluorescence assay.
Evaluation of the efficacy of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Colorectal Dis
January 2025
Department of Faculty Surgery No. 2, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Aim: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has gained significant importance in treating cancers. The current study is a meta-analysis that aimed to assess the short-term efficacy and long-term prognostic impact of NOSES and conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).
Method: Published reports in several medical databases up to February 2024 were searched and information pertinent to outcomes of NOSES and CL in retrospective and randomized studies to treat CRC was collected.
Long-term prognostic outcomes in high-risk T1 colorectal cancer: A multicentre retrospective comparison of surgery versus observation postendoscopic treatment.
Colorectal Dis
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Aim: The risk of lymph node metastasis after endoscopic resection of high-risk T1 colorectal cancer prompts additional resection. However, age and comorbidities are considered in decision-making and some surgeons opt for observation. We compared the long-term outcomes of these approaches with the aim of clarifying the need for additional resection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHead and Neck Rhabdomyosarcoma in Pediatric Patients: An International Collaborative Study.
J Oral Pathol Med
January 2025
Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Área de Semiologia e Patologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil.
Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a rare malignant tumor, frequently affects pediatric patients, with 35%-40% occurring in the head and neck. This study analyzes the clinicopathologic profile of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas from Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa.
Methods: We reviewed 44 cases from 10 Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology services, conducting immunohistochemical analyses of desmin, myogenin, Myo-D1, and Ki67, with quantification via QuPath software.
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