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Sea Urchin Pigments: Echinochrome A and Its Potential Implication in the Cytokine Storm Syndrome.
Mar Drugs
May 2021
Laboratorio de Química de Organismos Marinos, Instituto Patagónico del Mar, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina.
: Echinochrome A (EchA) is a pigment from sea urchins. EchA is a polyhydroxylated 1,4-naphthoquinone that contains several hydroxyl groups appropriate for free-radical scavenging and preventing redox imbalance. EchA is the most studied molecule of this family and is an active principle approved to be used in humans, usually for cardiopathies and glaucoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiviral Potential of Sea Urchin Aminated Spinochromes against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.
Mar Drugs
November 2020
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens worldwide requiring the search for new candidates for the creation of antiherpetic drugs. The ability of sea urchin spinochromes-echinochrome A (EchA) and its aminated analogues, echinamines A (EamA) and B (EamB)-to inhibit different stages of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells and to reduce the virus-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied. We found that spinochromes exhibited maximum antiviral activity when HSV-1 was pretreated with these compounds, which indicated the direct effect of spinochromes on HSV-1 particles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPHNQ from Sea Urchin Supplemented with Calcium Promotes Mineralization in Saos-2 Human Bone Cell Line.
Mar Drugs
July 2020
Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Polyhydroxylated naphthoquinones (PHNQs), known as spinochromes that can be extracted from sea urchins, are bioactive compounds reported to have medicinal properties and antioxidant activity. The MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay showed that pure echinochrome A exhibited a cytotoxic effect on Saos-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner within the test concentration range (15.625-65.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInspired by Sea Urchins: Warburg Effect Mediated Selectivity of Novel Synthetic Non-Glycoside 1,4-Naphthoquinone-6S-Glucose Conjugates in Prostate Cancer.
Mar Drugs
May 2020
Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The Warburg effect describes how tumor cells consume high levels of sugar due to their reliance on glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen.
- Researchers have developed new sugar-based compounds, specifically designed to target this effect, which show promise in selectively killing prostate cancer cells, even those resistant to traditional drugs.
- The mechanism of action involves disrupting mitochondrial function, leading to the activation of processes that induce apoptosis, paving the way for potential clinical development of these compounds.
Autofluorescence mediated red spherulocyte sorting provides insights into the source of spinochromes in sea urchins.
Sci Rep
January 2020
The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, The Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Red spherule cells (RSCs) are considered one of the prime immune cells of sea urchins, but their detailed biological role during immune responses is not well elucidated. Lack of pure populations accounts for one of the major challenges of studying these cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that live RSCs exhibit strong, multi-colour autofluorescence distinct from other coelomocytes, and with the help of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), a pure population of live RSCs was successfully separated from other coelomocytes in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis.
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