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Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK) is a rare renal tumor characterized by both cystic and solid components. Although typically benign, its components can undergo malignant transformation, manifesting as a sarcomatous feature. Carcinomatous transformations are exceedingly rare.

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Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in YAP1::MAML2 Fusion-Associated Metaplastic Thymoma: A Case Report.

Int J Surg Pathol

July 2024

Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Metaplastic thymoma is a rare thymic neoplasm that has generally been considered to follow a benign to indolent clinical course; however, 3 metaplastic thymomas with high-grade malignant transformation to sarcomatoid carcinoma have been reported. In recent years, both conventional metaplastic thymomas and this subset showing malignant transformation have been associated with recurrent fusions. We report a metaplastic thymoma showing transformation to squamous cell carcinoma, that to our knowledge is the fourth reported in the literature with transition to overtly malignant features and the first showing pure carcinomatous transformation, and in which fusion was demonstrated via next generation sequencing.

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