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"Actor-critic" dichotomous hyperactivation and hypoconnectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Neuroimage Clin
December 2024
Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address:
Dysfunctional response inhibition, mediated by the striatum and its connections, is thought to underly the clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the exact neural mechanisms remain controversial. In this study, we undertook a novel approach by positing that a) inhibition is a dynamic construct inherently susceptible to numerous failures, which require error-processing, and b) the actor-critic framework of reinforcement learning can integrate neural patterns of inhibition and error-processing in OCD with their behavioural correlates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParkinson's disease screening using a fusion of gait point cloud and silhouette features.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Article Synopsis
- Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slow movement, and while there is no cure, early detection can improve outcomes.
- Vision-based methods for PD detection focus on analyzing gait, utilizing both appearance-based and model-based approaches.
- A new method that combines these two approaches has shown promising results, achieving an AUC of 0.87 and F1-Scores of 0.82 in distinguishing between normal and Parkinsonian gait.
Development and Validation of a Nutritional Frailty Phenotype for Older Adults Based on Risk Prediction Model: Results from a Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.
J Am Med Dir Assoc
January 2025
School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Objectives: Malnutrition is generally studied to be involved in outlining hazard frailty trajectories, resulting in adverse outcomes. In view of frailty's multidimensional nature, we aimed to assess the contribution of nutritional items in existing frailty tools to adverse outcomes, and develop and validate a nutritional frailty phenotype based on machine learning.
Design: A population-based prospective cohort study.
Growth and Eating Behaviours at 2 Years Corrected Age in Extremely Low-Birthweight Babies; Secondary Cohort Analysis from the ProVIDe Trial.
Nutrients
November 2024
Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
Early postnatal growth following extremely preterm birth may have long-term effects on growth, eating behaviours and health. Background/Objectives: To determine whether growth to age two years is conditional on growth in the NICU, a conditional growth analysis was performed in a cohort of 330 extremely low-birthweight (ELBW; birthweight < 1000 g) participants in the ProVIDe trial who were followed-up at 2 years corrected age (CA); Methods: We used z-score change for weight, length and head circumference from 36 weeks post-menstrual age to 2 years CA as the end-point-adjusted for birth z-score and z-score change from birth to 36 weeks. Growth and body composition were assessed using bioimpedance analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNemaline Myopathy Type 6 Caused by Variants in the Gene: A Cross-Sectional Study of 24 Patients.
Neurol Genet
December 2024
From the Department of Neurology (E.S.B.K., K.B., J.P.F.M., B.G.M.V.E., J.D., N.C.V.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Pathology (B.K.); Department of Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (M.O.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) Spain; Centro para la Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona; Univ Paris Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hopital Mondor, Neuromuscular Reference Center, Créteil, France; Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center; and Department of Physiology (C.A.C.O.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands.
Article Synopsis
- The study assesses 24 patients with Nemaline myopathy type 6 (NEM6) in the Netherlands, focusing on detailed clinical characteristics and symptom reporting.
- Key findings include reported symptoms of muscle weakness, slow movements, and difficulties with running, along with significantly reduced health-related quality of life and increased fatigue.
- The research also highlights issues with balance and falls, as well as a slower muscle relaxation rate compared to normal standards.
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