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Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Cureus
December 2024
Internal Medicine, Hospital Angeles Pedregal, Mexico City, MEX.
Prion disease is an uncommon entity characterized by exceptionally rapid neurodegenerative deterioration. There are three categories of prion disease: (1) sporadic: sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), sporadic fatal insomnia, and protease-sensitive prionopathy; (2) genetic: genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, familial fatal insomnia, and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome; and (3) acquired: Kuru, iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Although it is an incurable disease, a specific pathophysiological mechanism exists involving neuronal loss, glial cell proliferation, absence of inflammatory response, development of vacuoles leading to a spongiform appearance, and the presence of prions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFactors involved in the development of hospital-acquired conditions in older patients in acute care settings: a scoping review.
BMC Health Serv Res
January 2025
Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Background: Older patients hospitalized in acute care settings are at significant risk of presenting hospital-acquired conditions. Healthcare professionals should consider many factors involved in the development of such conditions, including factors related to the patients, as well as those related to the processes of care and the structure of hospitals. The aim of this study was to describe and identify the factors involved in the development of hospital-acquired conditions in older patients in acute care settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModeling and simulation of distribution and drug resistance of major pathogens in patients with respiratory system infections.
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anting Hospital of Jiading District, 1060 Hejing Road, Anting Town, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201805, China.
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The increase in antimicrobial resistance in respiratory pathogens poses a major challenge to the effective management of these infections.
Objective: To investigate the distribution of major pathogens of RTIs and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital and to develop a mathematical model to explore the relationship between pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance.
[Nosocomial gastrointestinal infections and Clostridioides difficile].
Dtsch Med Wochenschr
February 2025
German surveillance data from 2022 reported a prevalence of nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients of 5,2%. Clostridioides-difficile-infections (CDI) are the most frequent cause of nosocomial diarrhea. They are usually caused by antibiotic exposure and the subsequent changes in the gut microbiota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation via high-flow nasal oxygen versus conventional weaning in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure: a prospective randomized controlled study.
Crit Care Sci
January 2025
Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Jodhpur, India.
Objective: Although the efficacy of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in delaying or avoiding intubation in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure has been studied, its potential for facilitating early weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation remains unexplored.
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 80 adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for > 48 hours were enrolled and divided into two groups: conventional weaning and early weaning via high-flow nasal oxygen. In the conventional weaning group, the spontaneous breathing trial was performed after the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was ≥ 200, whereas in the high-flow nasal oxygen group, the spontaneous breathing trial was conducted earlier when the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 150 - 200.
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