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Effective Field Theory of Conformal Boundaries.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
New York University, Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York, New York 10003, USA.
We introduce an effective field theory (EFT) for conformal impurity by considering a pair of transversely displaced impurities and integrating out modes with mass inversely proportional to the separation distance. This EFT captures the universal signature of the impurity seen by a heavy local operator. We focus on the case of conformal boundaries and derive universal formulas from this EFT for the boundary structure constants at high energy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDefect Conformal Field Theory from Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Interactions.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Tulane University, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
The coupling between defects and extended critical degrees of freedom gives rise to the intriguing theory known as defect conformal field theory (CFT). In this work, we introduce a novel family of boundary and interface CFTs by coupling N Majorana chains with SYK_{q} interactions at the defect. Our analysis reveals that the interaction with q=2 constitutes a new marginal defect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaporating Primordial Black Holes, the String Axiverse, and Hot Dark Radiation.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Univ Coimbra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra and CFisUC, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal.
The search for primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses M≪M_{⊙} is motivated by natural early-Universe production mechanisms and that PBHs can be dark matter. For M≲10^{14} kg, the PBH density is constrained by null searches for their expected Hawking emission (HE), the characteristics of which are, however, sensitive to new states beyond the standard model. If there exists a large number of spin-0 particles in nature, PBHs can, through HE, develop and maintain non-negligible spins, modifying the visible HE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtreme Diffusion Measures Statistical Fluctuations of the Environment.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
University of Oregon, Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
We consider many-particle diffusion in one spatial dimension modeled as "random walks in a random environment." A shared short-range space-time random environment determines the jump distributions that drive the motion of the particles. We determine universal power laws for the environment's contribution to the variance of the extreme first passage time and extreme location.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemperature-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Behaviors in Porous Materials.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
University of New Brunswick, UNB MRI Centre, Department of Physics, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
We observe divergent temperature-dependent magnetic resonance relaxation behaviors across various brine-saturated porous materials. The paramagnetic and diamagnetic nature of the samples underlies these divergent behaviors. The temperature-dependent trends of the longitudinal T_{1} and transverse T_{2} relaxation times are systematically explained via distinct relaxation-diffusion regimes of Brownstein-Tarr theory.
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