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A systematic structure-activity and computational modeling analysis of a series of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists based upon an ultra-short GLP-1 peptide, H-His-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Bip-Bip-NH2, was conducted. This highly potent 11-mer peptide led to a deeper understanding of the α-helical bias of strategic α-methylation within the linear parent template as well as optimization of GLP-1R agonist potency by 1000-fold. These data were correlated with previously reported co-structures of both full-length GLP-1 analogs and progenitor N-terminal GLP-1 fragment analogs related to such ultra-short GLP-1R agonist peptides.

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Chiral Aldehyde/Palladium Catalysis Enables Asymmetric Branched-Selective Ring-Opening Functionalization of Methylenecyclopropanes with Amino Acid Esters.

J Am Chem Soc

January 2025

Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

Achieving catalytic asymmetric functionalization of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) by selective C-C bond cleavage is a notable challenge due to the intricate reaction partners involved. In this work, we report that chiral aldehyde/palladium combined catalysis enables the asymmetric functionalization of MCPs with NH-unprotected amino acid esters. This reaction proceeds through a regiospecific branched ring-opening mechanism, resulting in optically active α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid esters bearing nonconjugated terminal alkene units.

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Evaluation of Subetadex-α-methyl, a Polyanionic Cyclodextrin Scaffold, as a Medical Countermeasure against Fentanyl and Related Opioids.

ACS Cent Sci

December 2024

Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Global Security Directorate, Forensic Science Center, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States.

Subetadex-α-methyl (SBX-Me), a modified, polyanionic cyclodextrin scaffold, has been evaluated for its utilization as a medical countermeasure (MCM) to neutralize the effects of fentanyl and related opioids. Initial toxicity assays demonstrate that SBX-Me has a nontoxic profile, comparable to the FDA-approved cyclodextrin-based drug Sugammadex. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed rapid clearance of SBX-Me with an elimination half-life of ∼7.

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The development of efficient and robust catalytic systems based on earth-abundant transition metals for fundamentally new transformations is crucial for sustainable chemical synthesis. Herein, an effective and selective Ni-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with hydrazines with the liberation of ammonia gas is reported. Although several methods were documented for the -alkylation reaction, the present strategy is conceptually novel, and the reaction proceeds through a pathway involving N-N bond cleavage of phenylhydrazine followed by hydrogen autotransfer.

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Optimal Cell Length for Exploration and Exploitation in Chemotactic Planktonic Bacteria.

Environ Microbiol

December 2024

School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.

Elongated morphologies are prevalent among motile bacterioplankton in aquatic systems. This is often attributed to enhanced chemotactic ability, but how long is best? We hypothesized the existence of an optimal cell length for efficient chemotaxis resulting from shape-imposed physical constraints acting on the trade-off between rapid exploration versus efficient exploitation of nutrient sources. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the chemotactic performance of elongated cephalexin-treated Escherichia coli towards α-methyl-aspartate in a microfluidic device creating linear, stable and quiescent chemical gradients.

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