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Reversion of neurovirulent mutations, recombination and high intra-host diversity in vaccine-derived poliovirus excreted by patients with primary immune deficiency.
J Med Virol
September 2024
Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles for the EMR, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Article Synopsis
- * A study examined the genetic evolution of PV genomes from MHC class II-deficient PID patients, using stool samples to detect the virus through several advanced techniques, including full genome sequencing.
- * Results indicated that while one patient cleared the virus with few mutations, two others showed significant genetic diversity in the virus, leading to severe outcomes and potential paralysis, highlighting the need for further research on the implications of intra-host diversity in PV evolution.
Neuroinvasion and neurotropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
Curr Opin Microbiol
June 2024
Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, is linked to neurological issues in about 30% of patients, leading to both central and peripheral nervous system disorders, including cerebrovascular and psychiatric problems.
- - The exact mechanisms through which the virus enters the central nervous system are still unclear, but possible routes include blood (hematogenous) and direct pathways (anterograde transport).
- - Different variants of the virus may show variations in how they affect the nervous system, causing inflammation and various neurological changes.
Genotype Change in Circulating JEV Strains in Fujian Province, China.
Viruses
August 2023
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China.
Japanese encephalitis (JE), found in pigs, is a serious mosquito-borne zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, mainly pigs and wading birds. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, allowing the pathogen to spread and cause disease epidemics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRNA Structure in the 5' Untranslated Region of Enterovirus D68 Strains with Differing Neurovirulence Phenotypes.
Viruses
January 2023
Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus within the family . EV-D68 was initially considered a respiratory virus that primarily affected children. However, in 2014, EV-D68 outbreaks occurred causing the expected increase in respiratory illness cases, but also an increase in acute flaccid myelitis cases (AFM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem-Loop I of the Tembusu Virus 3'-Untranslated Region Is Responsible for Viral Host-Specific Adaptation and the Pathogenicity of the Virus in Mice.
Microbiol Spectr
October 2022
Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural Universitygrid.80510.3c, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Tembusu virus (TMUV), an avian mosquito-borne flavivirus, was first identified from Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 1955. To validate the effects of the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) in viral host-specific adaptation, we generated a set of chimeric viruses using CQW1 (duck strain) and MM 1775 (mosquito strain) as backbones with heterogeneous 3'UTRs. Compared with rMM 1775, rMM-CQ3'UTR (recombinant MM 1775 virus carrying the 3'UTR of CQW1) exhibited enhanced proliferation , with peak titers increasing by 5-fold in duck embryonic fibroblast (DEF) cells or 12-fold in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells; however, the neurovirulence of rMM-CQ3'UTR was attenuated in 14-day-old Kunming mice via intracranial injection, with slower weight loss, lower mortality, and reduced viral loads.
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