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Ecology and Management of a Large Outbreak of Avian Botulism in Wild Waterbirds in Northeastern Italy (2019-2022).
Animals (Basel)
August 2024
Wildlife Service, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
Avian botulism is a paralytic disease due to the ingestion of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) produced by anaerobic, sporigenic bacteria (notably, ). Wild waterbirds worldwide are affected with variable recurrence and severity, and organic material decaying in wetland habitats may constitute a suitable substrate for the replication of clostridia strains producing BoNT in conditions of high temperatures and the absence of oxygen. Here, we describe a large outbreak of avian botulism that occurred in the Valle Mandriole protected area of northeastern Italy (VM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCollaborative wildlife disease outbreak investigation and response at Bells Swamp Victoria, February 2023.
Aust Vet J
October 2024
Wildlife Health Victoria: Surveillance, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
In February 2023, a report of morbidity and mortality in waterbirds triggered a collaborative regional wildlife disease outbreak investigation and response, led by Parks Victoria. Triage, rehabilitation and diagnosis of sick and dead birds were undertaken by Zoos Victoria (ZV), Agriculture Victoria, Vets for Compassion, Wildlife Victoria and Melbourne Veterinary School (MVS). The field response focused on collection of sick and dead birds for wildlife welfare, for diagnosis, and to reduce environmental contamination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGross and histopathological findings in hindlimb paralysis syndrome in wild Carnaby's black cockatoos (Zanda laitirostris).
J Comp Pathol
April 2024
School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Perth Zoo, Veterinary Department, 20 Labouchere Rd, South Perth, Western Australia, 6151, Australia.
The aim of this study was to describe the gross and histopathological features of a neurological syndrome in endangered Western Australian Carnaby's black cockatoos (Zanda laitirostris) that was first observed in 2012. The syndrome, named hindlimb paralysis syndrome in Carnaby's cockatoos (CHiPS), is characterized by annual outbreaks of hindlimb paralysis with occasional loss of deep pain and cloacal tone, typically occurring between January and March. Previous limited investigations suggested a possible toxic aetiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBotulism in fish: a review.
J Vet Diagn Invest
May 2024
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System-San Bernardino Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, CA, USA.
Published information about fish botulism is scant. We review here the current literature on fish botulism. Freshwater fish are susceptible to botulism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Latent Threat in Wild Birds: .
Vet Sci
January 2024
Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Valencia, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
Avian botulism caused by emerged in 1910, affecting birds across North America, leading to severe outbreaks exacerbated by climate change, decreasing water levels, and inadequate wastewater management. While deadly for birds, its epidemiological impact on humans and other animals remains limited. Despite its significance, understanding and controlling the disease remain challenging.
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