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Multilayer Composite Electrodes for Simultaneously Improved Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

January 2025

The Harold & Inge Marcus Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

Structural batteries offer a transformative approach to integrate energy storage directly into the frameworks of electric vehicles and aircrafts, enabling multifunctional construction. This study presents a nacre-inspired multilayer composite electrode fabricated via the cold sintering process (CSP), achieving a balance of enhanced electrochemical performance and mechanical robustness. The composite electrode combines active electrode materials with a ductile conducting polymer-carbon-mixture phase in a layered architecture.

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Understanding how epithelial cells in the female reproductive tract (FRT) differentiate is crucial for reproductive health, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. At birth, FRT epithelium is highly malleable, allowing differentiation into various epithelial types, but the regulatory pathways guiding these early cell fate decisions are unclear. Here, we use neonatal mouse endometrial organoids and assembloid coculture models to investigate how innate cellular plasticity and external mesenchymal signals influence epithelial differentiation.

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In the ancient microbial Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, carbon dioxide (CO) is fixed in a multistep process that ends with acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthesis at the bifunctional carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex (CODH/ACS). In this work, we present structural snapshots of the CODH/ACS from the gas-converting acetogen , characterizing the molecular choreography of the overall reaction, including electron transfer to the CODH for CO reduction, methyl transfer from the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein (CoFeSP) partner to the ACS active site, and acetyl-CoA production. Unlike CODH, the multidomain ACS undergoes large conformational changes to form an internal connection to the CODH active site, accommodate the CoFeSP for methyl transfer, and protect the reaction intermediates.

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Article Synopsis
  • RbpA is a critical protein for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, impacting transcription and antibiotic response, but its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Significant structural changes in RNA polymerase occur when it interacts with RbpA, revealing important amino acids for transcription regulation and dynamic behavior of the complex.
  • The study identifies potential ligands for RbpA's interaction site, laying the groundwork for future research on developing inhibitors that target RbpA's regulatory role in transcription.
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Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of miRNA 221 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) in mice through the regulation of phospholamban (PLB) expression.

Methods: The MIRI mouse model was created and mice were divided into sham, MIRI, MIRI+ 221, and MIRI+ scr groups, with miRNA 221 overexpression induced in the myocardium of MIRI mice by targeted myocardial injection. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed to observe the variation in miRNA 221, PLB, SERCA2, RYR2, NCX1, Cyt C and caspase 3 mRNA levels in myocardium, while Western blot assessed the levels of PLB, p-PLB (Ser16), p-PLB (Thr17), SERCA2, RYR2, NCX1, Cyt C and caspase 3 proteins.

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