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Geographic disparities impacting oral vaccine performance: Observations and future directions.
Clin Exp Immunol
January 2025
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Oral vaccines have several advantages compared with parenteral administration: they can be relatively cheap to produce in high quantities, easier to administer, and induce intestinal mucosal immunity that can protect against infection. These characteristics have led to successful use of oral vaccines against rotavirus, polio, and cholera. Unfortunately, oral vaccines for all three diseases have demonstrated lower performance in the highest-burden settings where they are most needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Statistical Model to Predict Protection Against Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Through Maternal Immunization.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
Background/objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants worldwide. Maternal immunization to protect younger infants is supported by evidence that virus-neutralizing antibodies, which are efficiently transferred across the placenta from mother to fetus, are a primary immune mediator of protection. In maternal RSV vaccine studies, estimates of correlates of protection are elusive because many factors of maternal-fetal immunobiology and disease characteristics must be considered for the estimates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvances and challenges of prenatal interventions for fetal tachyarrhythmias.
Front Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
It is estimated that 1%-2% of pregnancies are complicated by fetal arrhythmias, with most arrhythmias considered benign and not requiring further treatment or intervention. However, persistent tachyarrhythmias can lead to fetal heart failure, preterm birth, stillbirth, and increased risks during the perinatal period. Therefore, timely treatment during pregnancy is often necessary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTracing Zinc's Role in Preterm Infants' Health: A Narrative Review.
Adv Nutr
December 2024
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023-2027, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Zinc (Zn) is a trace element involved in numerous physiological processes, including enzyme function, gene transcription, and cell signaling. Its importance is especially pronounced in preterm infants, who are at high risk of Zn deficiency due to disrupted transplacental transfer, high nutrient demands, and medical complications. The inherent risk of Zn deficiency in this population is further increased by poor Zn dietary intake.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPyrethroid exposure biomarker 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) binds to transthyretin and is positively associated with free T3 in pregnant women.
Int J Hyg Environ Health
November 2024
Cell Toxicology Team, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Pyrethroids constitute a large group of insecticides widely used in agriculture, indoor environments, and in vector control. Structurally, pyrethroids resemble thyroid hormones, and have been suggested to be thyroid hormone disruptors based on experimental studies. During pregnancy, even minor disturbances in maternal levels can affect fetal brain development.
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