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Background: Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) regulate critical cell functions, including actomyosin contractility, apoptosis, and proliferation. Some studies suggest that ROCK inhibition may serve as a treatment for liver fibrosis. More investigation is needed to understand the role of hepatocyte ROCK signaling in vivo, especially in the context of profibrotic liver injury.

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Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a defect in tyrosine (tyr) degradation. This defect results in the accumulation of succinylacetone (SA), causing liver failure with a high risk of hepatocarcinoma and kidney injury, leading in turn to Fanconi syndrome with urine loss of phosphate and secondary hypophosphatemic rickets (HR). HT-1 diagnosis is usually made in infants with acute or chronic liver failure or by neonatal screening programs.

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The histamine pathway is a target to treat hepatic experimental erythropoietic protoporphyria.

Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol

January 2025

Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is caused by mutations in ferrochelatase which inserts iron into protoporphyrin-IX (PP-IX) to generate heme. EPP is characterized by PP-IX accumulation, skin photosensitivity, cholestasis, and end-stage liver disease. Despite available drugs that address photosensitivity, treatment of EPP-related liver disease remains an unmet need.

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Background: Acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) is characterized by debilitating and potentially life-threatening neurovisceral attacks, possible chronic symptoms, and long-term complications. In a phase 1/2 open-label extension (OLE) study and the phase 3 ENVISION study, givosiran led to sustained improvement in annualized attack rate and quality of life (QOL) measures. To capture the patient experience of symptoms and impacts of AHP, and any changes experienced during treatment with givosiran, qualitative interviews were conducted with study participants.

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Background: Phlebotomy has been used as a non-pharmacological treatment for different types of diseases, regarding the philosophy of humors in traditional medicines, such as Persian Medicine. However, according to the narrow-approved indications for phlebotomy in Western Medicine, we aimed to systematically summarize high-level of evidence on safety and efficacy of phlebotomy in treatment of human diseases.

Methods: In this umbrella review, to identify meta-analysis studies of clinical trials on phlebotomy, four electronic databases, including PubMed, web of science, Scopus, and Cochran library were searched until Jun 18, 2022 with relevant keywords for 'phlebotomy' and 'meta-analysis' according to PRISMA guidelines and PICO questions.

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