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Introduction: Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, often progressing asymptomatically until significant vision loss occurs. Early detection is crucial for preventing irreversible damage. The pupillary light reflex (PLR) has proven useful in glaucoma diagnosis, and mobile technologies like the AI-based smartphone pupillometer (AI Pupillometer) offer a promising solution for accessible screening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplex Regional Pain Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Approaches.
Cureus
December 2024
Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA.
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by significant sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction, often following trauma or nerve injury. Historically known as causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy, CRPS manifests as severe, disproportionate pain, often accompanied by hyperalgesia, allodynia, trophic changes, and motor impairments. Classified into type I (without nerve injury) and type II (associated with nerve damage), CRPS exhibits a complex pathophysiology involving peripheral and central sensitization, neurogenic inflammation, maladaptive brain plasticity, and potential autoimmune and psychological influences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProgressive Increase in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Induced by Cold Exposure.
Hypertension
January 2025
Department of Environmental Health, Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women's University, Japan.
Background: Exposure to cold environments is linked to cold-induced hypertension due to activated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial baroreceptor reflex dysfunction. However, direct measurement of SNA during cold-induced hypertension and changes in baroreflex control of SNA remain unexplored.
Methods: Chronically instrumented rats were exposed to cold temperatures (10 °C) over 4 days after a control period (24 °C), and renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activities were simultaneously measured during cold-induced hypertension.
Perinatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine impairs hippocampal-dependent cognition and brain development in juvenile rats.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
January 2025
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:
The opioid crisis continues to escalate, disproportionately affecting women of reproductive age. Traditionally the first line of treatment for pregnant women with opioid use disorder is the mu-opioid receptor agonist methadone. However, in recent years, the use of buprenorphine as a replacement therapy has increased as it has fewer side-effects and longer duration of action.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGaze Stability Test Asymmetry Before and After Individualized Rehabilitation in Youth Athletes With Concussion.
J Sport Rehabil
January 2025
Banner Sports Medicine and Concussion Specialists, Banner-University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Context: Concussion causes physiological disruptions, including disruptions to the vestibular and visual systems, which can cause dizziness, imbalance, and blurry vision. The vestibular ocular reflex functions to maintain a stable visual field, which can be measured using the gaze stability test (GST).
Design: This preliminary study used retrospective chart review to examine changes in GST performance and asymmetry in a sample of 117 youth athletes with concussion (mean age = 14.
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