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Liquid scintillation efficiencies, gamma-ray emission intensities, and half-life for Gd-153.
Appl Radiat Isot
January 2024
Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
Gadolinium-153 was standardized for activity by live-timed anticoincidence counting and an ampoule was submitted to the international reference system (SIR). Absolute emission intensities for the main γ rays were determined with calibrated high-purity germanium (HPGe) and lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detectors. A revised decay scheme is indicated, with no probability of direct electron capture to the Eu ground state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-destructive elemental analysis of vertebral body trabecular bone using muonic X-rays.
Br J Radiol
December 1995
Department of Radiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Japan.
Non-destructive elemental analysis with muonic X-rays was performed on human vertebral bone and lumbar torso phantoms. It can provide quantitative information on all elements in small deep-seated localized volumes. The experiment was carried out using the superconducting muon channel at TRIUMF in Vancouver, Canada and a lithium drifted germanium detector with an active area of 18.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopments in x-ray detectors and associated electronics: a review of the technology and possible future trends.
J Xray Sci Technol
January 1994
Schuster Laboratories, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England.
The detection of low-energy x rays in a precise and efficient manner is now routinely performed with a range of solid state detectors. These devices have been developed continuously over the past 30 years to the point where current performance closely matches theoretical predictions for resolution and efficiency. To achieve these goals parallel developments in field effect transistors and amplifiers were also required.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccurate determination of diagnostic x-ray spectra requires, among many other technical considerations, correction of the experimental data for the energy-dependent response of the x-ray detector. In this study, we investigated the energy response of three types of detectors (intrinsic germanium, lithium-drifted silicon, and sodium iodide) commonly used in the diagnostic energy range. We used a Monte Carlo simulation technique to compute photopeak efficiencies, escape peak losses, and Compton fractions as a function of incident x-ray energy for a variety of detector thicknesses and diameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study simulated experimentally the transfer of radionuclides to milk of dairy cows on a worst-case situation using various radionuclides known to emanate from nuclear power stations and which have been detected on particulates. Two lactating Holstein cows were administered orally one gelatin capsule containing 10 radionuclides in water-soluble form per day for 14 consecutive days. Milk samples were collected and aliquots analyzed in a germanium lithium-drifted detector coupled to a 2048-multichannel gamma-ray analyzer to measure small amounts of complex mixtures of radionuclides.
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