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Case report: Vedolizumab in Oral Crohn's disease: the downsides of a gut-specific therapy for a multi-site disease.
Front Med (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Oral Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease which can affect any area of the gastrointestinal tract, including oral tissues. The complex nature of this disease demands interdisciplinary management, especially when both intestinal and oral manifestations are present.
Case: This report presents the case of a 28-year-old male patient with oral, ileo-caecal and peri-anal CD managed jointly between Gastroenterology and Oral Medicine.
Characterisation of autophagy induction by the thiopurine drugs azathioprine, mercaptopurine and thioguanine in THP-1 macrophages.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
November 2024
School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK.
Activating autophagy may be therapeutically beneficial, and we have previously shown that azathioprine (AZA), an immunomodulatory drug, induces autophagy. Here, we evaluated the induction of autophagy by the thiopurines AZA, mercaptopurine (6-MP) and thioguanine (6-TG) in THP-1 macrophages and investigated the mechanism of action in the context of this cellular process. The cytotoxicity of thiopurines was evaluated using an LDH assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantification of deoxythioguanosine in human DNA with LC-MS/MS, a marker for thiopurine therapy optimisation.
Anal Bioanal Chem
December 2024
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
In the treatment of diseases such as acute childhood leukaemia (ALL) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the thiopurines azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine are used. Thiopurines are antimetabolites and immunomodulators used to maintain remission in patients. They are all prodrugs and must be converted into the competing antimetabolites thioguanosine triphosphate and deoxythioguanosine triphosphate for final incorporation into RNA or DNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunomodulators and immunosuppressants for progressive multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
September 2024
IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Background: In recent years a broader range of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive treatment options have emerged for people with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (PMS). While consensus supports these options as reducing relapses, their relative benefit and safety profiles remain unclear due to a lack of direct comparison trials.
Objectives: To compare through network meta-analysis the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, cyclophosphamide, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, diroximel fumarate, fingolimod, fludarabine, glatiramer acetate, immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1-a and beta 1-b, interferon beta-1b (Betaferon), interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif), laquinimod, leflunomide, methotrexate, minocycline, mitoxantrone, mycophenolate mofetil, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, ozanimod, pegylated interferon beta-1a, ponesimod, rituximab, siponimod, corticosteroids, and teriflunomide for PMS.
Disseminated Cryptococcosis Post Eculizumab Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Cureus
April 2024
Infectious Disease, Valley Health System, Las Vegas, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Eculizumab is a biologic drug used to treat disorders like generalized myasthenia gravis by blocking a component of the immune system (C5 complement), which helps prevent infections.
- Patients receiving eculizumab should be vaccinated against certain infections because it can increase their vulnerability to encapsulated organisms.
- A case study of a 34-year-old man highlights the risk of cryptococcosis in patients on eculizumab, as he developed a fungal infection despite being HIV-negative, underscoring the need for vigilance in diagnosing such infections.
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