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Amino acid stable carbon isotopes in nail keratin illuminate breastfeeding and weaning practices of mother - infant dyads.
Amino Acids
January 2025
Earth Sciences, Western University, London, Canada.
Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) is widely used in ecological studies to analyze food-webs and is gaining use in archaeology for investigating past diets. However, its use in reconstructing breastfeeding and weaning practices is not fully understood. This study evaluates the efficacy of stable carbon isotope analysis of amino acids in early life diet reconstruction by analyzing keratin from fingernail samples of three mother-infant pairs during late gestation and early postpartum periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Targeted Testing and Augmentation Therapy: A Canadian Thoracic Society Meta-analysis and Clinical Practice Guideline.
Chest
January 2025
Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is a common hereditary disorder associated with increased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Many individuals with severe A1AT deficiency go undiagnosed, or are diagnosed late, and fail to benefit from disease-specific counseling and modifying care. Since the 2012 Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) A1AT deficiency clinical practice guideline, new approaches to optimal diagnosis using modern genetic testing and studies of A1AT augmentation therapy have been published.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynthesis of expert opinions on fluid management in severe sepsis: A contextual review of human albumin and crystalloids.
Heart Lung
January 2025
Intermediate Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Alto Vicentino (AULSS-7), Santorso, VI 36014, Italy.
Background: Sepsis is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates that necessitates effective fluid resuscitation. Crystalloids are widely utilized; however, human albumin solutions have been attributed potential oncotic and anti-inflammatory benefits. Given the ongoing debate and the absence of definitive empirical evidence, expert opinions provide valuable insights into the contextual and practical aspects of fluid management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLPCAT1, the Enzyme Responsible for Converting LPC to PC, Promotes OPC Differentiation In Vitro.
J Cell Mol Med
February 2025
Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Myelin is the key structure for high-speed information transmission and is formed by oligodendrocytes (OLs) which are differentiated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the central nervous system. Lipid is the main component of myelin and the role of lipid metabolism-related molecules in myelination attach increasing attention. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) mediates the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to phosphatidylcholine (PC), and its role in myelination draws our interest as LPC is a classical demyelination inducer and PC is a major component of myelin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproved plant biomass production under low nitrogen conditions through conditional accumulation of the second messenger, guanosine tetraphosphate, in chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Front Plant Sci
January 2025
Department of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama, Japan.
To enhance plant biomass production under low nitrogen conditions, we employed a method to artificially and temporarily accumulate the bacterial second messenger, guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), to modify plastidial or mitochondrial metabolism. Specifically, we fused a chloroplast or mitochondrial transit-peptide to the N-terminus of the bacterial ppGpp synthase YjbM, which was conditionally expressed by an estrogen-inducible promoter in . The resulting recombinant plants exhibited estrogen-dependent ppGpp accumulation in chloroplasts or mitochondria and showed reduced fresh weight compared to wild type (WT) plants when grown on agar-solidified plates containing a certain amount of estrogen.
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