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Unlabelled: Melanin pigments block genotoxic agents by positioning on the sun-exposed side of human skin keratinocytes' nucleus. How this position is regulated and its role in genome photoprotection remains unknown. By developing a model of human keratinocytes internalizing extracellular melanin into pigment organelles, we show that keratin 5/14 intermediate filaments mechanically control the 3D perinuclear position of pigments, shielding DNA from photodamage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA OHCs-Targeted Strategy for PEDF Delivery in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.
Adv Healthc Mater
January 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, P. R. China.
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) results from prolonged exposure to intense noise, causing damage to sensory outer hair cells (OHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). The blood labyrinth barrier (BLB) hinders systemic drug delivery to the inner ear. This study applied a retro-auricular round window membrane (RWM) method to bypass the BLB, enabling the transport of macromolecular proteins into the inner ear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of light on biological functions and human sleep.
Handb Clin Neurol
January 2025
Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
The nonvisual effects of light in humans are mainly conveyed by a subset of retinal ganglion cells that contain the pigment melanopsin which renders them intrinsically photosensitive (= intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs). They have direct connections to the main circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and modulate a variety of physiological processes, pineal melatonin secretion, autonomic functions, cognitive processes such as attention, and behavior, including sleep and wakefulness. This is because efferent projections from the SCN reach other hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, thalamus, basal forebrain, and the brainstem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnthocyanin can improve the survival of rice seeds from solar light outside the international space station.
Life Sci Space Res (Amst)
February 2025
School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
A purple-pigmented (purple) rice seeds containing an anthocyanin, a major class of flavonoids, and their isogenic non-pigmented (white) seeds were exposed outside of the international space station (ISS) to evaluate the impact of anthocyanin on seed viability in space. The rice seeds were placed in sample plates at the exposed facility of ISS for 440 days, with the bottom layer seeds exposed to space radiation and the top layer seeds exposed to both solar light and space radiation. Though the seed weight of both purple and white seeds decreased after exposure to outer space, growth percentages after germination of purple and white seeds in the top layer were 55 and 15 %, respectively, compared to those in the bottom layer 100 and 70 %, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome): a case report.
J Med Case Rep
January 2025
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
Background: Basal cell nevus syndrome, also known as Gorlin or Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, is a hereditary condition caused by mutation in the PATCHED gene. The syndrome presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including basal cell carcinomas, jaw cysts, and skeletal anomalies. Diagnosis is based on specific criteria, and treatment typically includes surgical removal of basal cell carcinomas.
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