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APOE4 and age affect the brain entorhinal cortex structure and blood arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels after mild TBI.
Sci Rep
November 2024
The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.
Article Synopsis
- A study found that changes in the brain entorhinal cortex (EC) and specific blood lipids are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with the apolipoprotein E ε4 genetic variant.
- Analysis of brain imaging and lipid profiles revealed that ε4 carriers with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) had thicker left ECs, but repeated mTBIs reduced right EC thickness.
- The research highlights the need for further investigation into the relationship between ε4, mTBI, and specific blood lipid ratios as potential biomarkers for early detection of AD in affected individuals.
Olfactory stimulation with multiple odorants prevents stress-induced cognitive and psychological alterations.
Brain Commun
November 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.
Acute and chronic stress markedly affects behavior by triggering sympathetic nervous system activation and several hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-dependent responses. Brain regions of the limbic system are responsible for the regulation of stress response, and different reports have demonstrated that their activity can be influenced by olfactory stimuli. Here we report that, in mice exposed to acute restraint stress, olfactory stimulation employing a combination of three odorants, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocytes mediate two forms of spike timing-dependent depression at entorhinal cortex-hippocampal synapses.
Elife
November 2024
Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
The entorhinal cortex (EC) connects to the hippocampus sending different information from cortical areas that is first processed at the dentate gyrus (DG) including spatial, limbic and sensory information. Excitatory afferents from lateral (LPP) and medial (MPP) perforant pathways of the EC connecting to granule cells of the DG play a role in memory encoding and information processing and are deeply affected in humans suffering Alzheimer's disease and temporal lobe epilepsy, contributing to the dysfunctions found in these pathologies. The plasticity of these synapses is not well known yet, as are not known the forms of long-term depression (LTD) existing at those connections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOlfactory Dysfunction and Limbic Hypoactivation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
Hum Brain Mapp
November 2024
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
The epileptogenic network in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) contains structures of the primary and secondary olfactory cortex such as the piriform and entorhinal cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. Olfactory auras and olfactory dysfunction are relevant symptoms of TLE. This study aims to characterize olfactory function in TLE using olfactory testing and olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Orbitofrontal Cortex Is Required for Learned Modulation of Innate Olfactory Behavior.
eNeuro
October 2024
Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093-0357
Animals have evolved innate responses to cues including social, food, and predator odors. In the natural environment, animals are faced with choices that involve balancing risk and reward where innate significance may be at odds with internal need. The ability to update the value of a cue through learning is essential for navigating changing and uncertain environments.
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