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The Effect of Accessibility of Insoluble Substrate on the Overall Kinetics of Enzymatic Degradation.
Biotechnol Bioeng
January 2025
Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
The enzymatic reaction kinetics on cellulose and other solid substrates is limited by the access of the enzyme to the reactive substrate sites. We introduce a general model in which the reaction rate is determined by the active surface area, and the resulting kinetics consequently reflects the evolving relationship between the exposed substrate surface and the remaining substrate volume. Two factors influencing the overall surface-to-volume ratio are considered: the shape of the substrate particles, characterized by a single numerical parameter related to its dimensionality, and the distribution of the particle sizes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynthesis of single-crystalline sp-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks through imine-to-olefin transformation.
Nat Chem
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
sp-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks (spc-COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with repeat organic units linked by sp carbons, and have attracted increasing interest due to their robust skeleton and tunable semiconducting properties. Single-crystalline spc-COFs with well-defined structures can represent an ideal platform for investigating fundamental physics properties and device performance. However, the robust olefin bonds inhibit the reversible-reaction-based crystal self-correction, thus yielding polycrystalline or amorphous polymers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAndrogens induce renal synthesis of urinary lipocalin-family protein, a potential inter-sexual transmitter in viviparous rockfish.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj
January 2025
Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan. Electronic address:
In viviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), the kidney of reproductive-phase males actively produces lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase homolog (LPGDSh) protein, which is presumably involved in intersexual communication when emitted in the urine. The present study was undertaken to discover whether androgens and their nuclear receptors (Ars) are engaged in regulation of renal LPGDSh protein synthesis in black rockfish. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, in conjunction with immunohistochemistry and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, revealed that intra-abdominal administration of a synthetic androgen, 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), to juvenile black rockfish induced their renal expression of LPGDSh transcript and protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynergistic production of nitrogen-rich hydrochar and solid biofuels via co-hydrothermal carbonization of microalgae and macroalgae: when nitrogen circularity matters.
Environ Res
January 2025
Thermochemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50.018, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address:
This work explores the synergies between N-rich (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) and N-deficient (Undaria pinnatifida) macroalgae for the production of N-containing hydrochar and solid biofuels via co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC). The impact of the feedstock (each alga alone and all possible binary mixtures) was comprehensively assessed under different temperatures (180-260 °C) and times (60-240 min). The synergies between micro and macroalgae governed product distribution, nitrogen transformation pathways, and hydrochar quality, with these effects varying by processing conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReactive Brownian Dynamics of Chemically Fueled Droplets: Roles of Attraction and Deactivation Modes.
J Phys Chem B
January 2025
Applied Theoretical Physics - Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
The self-assembly of biological membraneless organelles can be mimicked by active droplets resulting from chemically fueled microphase separation. However, how the nonequilibrium, transient structure of these active droplets can be controlled through the physicochemical input parameters is not yet well understood. In our work, a chemically fueled two-state chemical reaction and subsequent droplet growth and decay are modeled with a reactive Brownian dynamics simulation in two spatial dimensions.
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