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Destabilization of Glycosyl Cation by an Electron-Withdrawing Substituent at C-5 Makes Sialylation Reaction More α-Stereoselective.
J Org Chem
January 2025
N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
Comparison of the reactivity of sialyl chlorides and bromides based on -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its deaminated analogue (KDN) in reactions with MeOH and -PrOH without a promoter revealed that the acetoxy group at C-5 in a molecule of a sialic acid glycosyl donor can destabilize the corresponding glycosyl cation making the S1-like reaction pathway unfavorable. A change to the S2-like reaction pathway ensures preferential formation of the α-glycoside.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of Bifidobacterium bifidum growth and metabolism on whey protein phospholipid concentrate.
J Dairy Sci
January 2025
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616. Electronic address:
Whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC) is a co-product generated during the manufacture of whey protein isolate. WPPC is depleted of simple sugars but contains numerous glycoconjugates embedded in the milk fat globule membrane, suggesting this fraction may serve as a carbon source for growth of bifidobacteria commonly enriched in breast fed infants. In this work, we demonstrate that WPPC can serve as a sole carbon source for the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, a species common to the breastfed infant and routinely used as a probiotic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Development.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Genetic studies indicate a causal role for microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the progress made in identifying genetic risk factors, such as CD33, and underlying molecular changes, there are currently limited treatment options for AD. Based on the immune-inhibitory function of CD33, we hypothesize that inhibition of CD33 activation may reverse microglial suppression and restore their ability to resolve inflammatory processes and mitigate pathogenic amyloid plaques, which may be neuroprotective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSialic acid aptamer and RNA in situ hybridization-mediated proximity ligation assay for spatial imaging of glycoRNAs in single cells.
Nat Protoc
January 2025
Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Glycosylated RNAs (glycoRNAs) have recently emerged as a new class of molecules of substantial interest owing to their potential roles in cellular processes and diseases. However, studying glycoRNAs is challenging owing to the lack of effective research tools including, but not limited to, imaging techniques to study the spatial distribution of glycoRNAs. Recently, we reported the development of a glycoRNA imaging technique, called sialic acid aptamer and RNA in situ hybridization-mediated proximity ligation assay (ARPLA), to visualize sialic acid-containing glycoRNAs with high sensitivity and specificity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDelay of innate immune responses following influenza B virus infection affects the development of a robust antibody response in ferrets.
mBio
January 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Unlabelled: Due to its natural influenza susceptibility, clinical signs, transmission, and similar sialic acid residue distribution, the ferret is the primary animal model for human influenza research. Antibodies generated following infection of ferrets with human influenza viruses are used in surveillance to detect antigenic drift and cross-reactivity with vaccine viruses and circulating strains. Inoculation of ferrets, with over 1,500 human clinical influenza isolates (1998-2019) resulted in lower antibody responses (HI <1:160) to 86% (387 out of 448) influenza B viruses (IBVs) compared to 2.
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