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A unique substrate specificity of PonAAS2, an aromatic aldehyde synthase, involved in a phytohormone auxin biosynthesis in a gall-inducing sawfly Euura sp. "Pontania".
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
January 2025
Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan.
The aromatic aldehyde synthase (AAS), PonAAS2, from the gall-inducing sawfly has been identified as a biosynthetic enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a key molecule of the plant hormone auxin, which is thought to play a role in gall induction. Unlike other insect AASs that convert Dopa, PonAAS2 uniquely converts L-tryptophan (Trp) into indole-3-acetaldehyde, a precursor of IAA. In this study, an examination of AAS enzymes from various insect species revealed that the ability to convert Trp has been acquired in only a very limited taxonomic group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHDAC4/5 Inhibitor, LMK-235 Improves Animal Voluntary Movement in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model.
Pharmacol Res Perspect
February 2025
New Drug Development Center, Daegu, Korea.
Oxidation of dopamine can cause various side effects, which ultimately leads to cell death and contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD). To counteract dopamine oxidation, newly synthesized dopamine is quickly transported into vesicles via vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) for storage. VMAT2 expression is reduced in patients with PD, and studies have shown increased accumulation of dopamine oxidation byproducts and α-synuclein in animals with low VMAT2 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogenic Variant in the 5'-Untranslated Region of and Clinical Heterogeneity in a Chinese Family with Dopa-Responsive Dystonia.
Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)
January 2025
Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
Background: Variants in the gene, encoding guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase, are associated with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) and are considered risk factors for parkinson's disease.
Methods: Comprehensive neurological assessments documented motor and non-motor symptoms in a Chinese family affected by DRD. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was employed to identify potential mutations, with key variants confirmed by Sanger sequencing and analyzed for familial co-segregation.
Small Molecules in Parkinson's Disease Therapy: From Dopamine Pathways to New Emerging Targets.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research, Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder affecting approximately 10 million people worldwide, with prevalence expected to rise as the global population ages. It is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait disturbances, as well as non-motor symptoms including olfactory disturbances, sleep disorders, and depression. Currently, no cure exists for PD, and most available therapies focus on symptom alleviation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScreening of Plant UDP-Glycosyltransferases for Betanin Production in Yeast.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol
January 2025
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
To cover the rising demand for natural food dyes, new sources and production methods are needed. Microbial fermentation of nature-identical colours, such as the red pigment betanin, has the potential to be a cost-efficient alternative to plant extraction. The last step of betanin production is catalysed by a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT).
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