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Amino acid deprivation in cancer cells with compensatory autophagy induction increases sensitivity to autophagy inhibitors.
Mol Cell Oncol
July 2024
Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Inhibition of autophagy is an important strategy in cancer therapy. However, prolonged inhibition of certain autophagies in established cancer cells may increase therapeutic resistance, though the underlying mechanisms of its induction and enhancement remain unclear. This study sought to elucidate the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance through repeated autophagy inhibition and amino acid deprivation (AD) in an in vitro model of in vivo chronic nutrient deprivation associated with cancer cell treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnolase represents a metabolic checkpoint controlling the differential exhaustion programmes of hepatitis virus-specific CD8 T cells.
Gut
October 2023
Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Article Synopsis
- Exhausted T cells, which are important for fighting viruses, are found in people with chronic hepatitis B and C infections.
- Researchers studied how metabolism affects these T cells by looking at samples from infected patients and using a mouse model.
- They found that different states of T cell exhaustion are linked to changes in their metabolism, and a protein called enolase plays a key role in regulating how well these T cells work.
Noninvasive testing for mycophenolate exposure in children with renal transplant using urinary metabolomics.
Pediatr Transplant
May 2023
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Background: Despite the common use of mycophenolate in pediatric renal transplantation, lack of effective therapeuic drug monitoring increases uncertainty over optimal drug exposure and risk for adverse reactions. This study aims to develop a novel urine test to estimate MPA exposure based using metabolomics.
Methods: Urine samples obtained on the same day of MPA pharmacokinetic testing from two prospective cohorts of pediatric kidney transplant recipients were assayed for 133 unique metabolites by mass spectrometry.
Photoresponsive Polypeptide-Glycosylated Dendron Amphiphiles: UV-Triggered Polymersomes, OVA Release, and In Vitro Enhanced Uptake and Immune Response.
Biomacromolecules
December 2020
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
Efficient therapeuic proteins' delivery into mammalian cells and subcellular transport (e.g., fast escape from endolysosomes into cytoplasm) are two key biological barriers that need to be overcome for antigen-based immunotherapy and related biomedical applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproved control of tuberculosis and activation of macrophages in mice lacking protein kinase R.
PLoS One
August 2012
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America.
Host factors that microbial pathogens exploit for their propagation are potential targets for therapeuic countermeasures. No host enzyme has been identified whose genetic absence benefits the intact mammalian host in vivo during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the leading cause of death from bacterial infection. Here, we report that the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is such an enzyme.
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