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Glycocalyx disruption, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling as underlying mechanisms and treatment targets of chronic venous disease.
Int Angiol
December 2024
Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA -
The glycocalyx is an essential structural and functional component of endothelial cells. Extensive hemodynamic changes cause endothelial glycocalyx disruption and vascular dysfunction, leading to multiple arterial and venous disorders. Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common disorder of the lower extremities with major health and socio-economic implications, but complex pathophysiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreases in the susceptibility of human endometrial CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection post-menopause are not dependent on greater viral receptor expression frequency.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States.
Epidemiological evidence suggests that post-menopausal women are more susceptible to HIV infection following sexual intercourse than are younger cohorts for reasons that remain unclear. Here, we evaluated how menopause-associated changes in CD4 T cell numbers and subsets as well as HIV coreceptor expression, particularly CCR5, in the endometrium (EM), endocervix (CX), and ectocervix (ECX) may alter HIV infection susceptibility. Using a tissue-specific mixed cell infection model, we demonstrate that while no changes in CD14 macrophage infection susceptibility were observed, CD4 T cell HIV-1 infection frequency increases following menopause in the EM, but not CX nor ECX.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow short-term change in temperature or salinity affect cellular immune parameters of three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus?
Mar Environ Res
January 2025
Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
Reference values for the non-specific immune response of stickleback have been developed to better understand the natural variability of the immunomarkers and to increase their relevance for the detection of environmental perturbations. However, under field conditions, temperature and salinity can vary from station to station and their influence on the reference ranges of the immunomarkers should therefore be quantified. To this end, adult sticklebacks were exposed either to different temperatures (from 12 to 18 °C) or to different salinities (from 0 to 30 g/L) for 21 days after 10 days of acclimatization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlatelet activation and signaling in thrombus formation.
Blood
January 2025
Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
In thrombosis and hemostasis, the formation of a platelet-fibrin thrombus or clot is a highly controlled process that varies, depending on the pathological context. Major signaling pathways in platelets are well established. However, studies with genetically modified mice have identified the contribution of hundreds of additional platelet-expressed proteins in arterial thrombus formation and bleeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterferon activation in bone marrow long-lived plasma cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.
While durable antibody responses from long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) populations are important for protection against pathogens, LLPC may be harmful if they produce antibodies against self-proteins or self-nuclear antigens as occurs in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thus, the elimination of autoreactive LLPC may improve the treatment of antibody-driven autoimmune diseases. However, LLPC remain a challenging therapeutic target.
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