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Morphology of the Human Pineal Gland Studied by Freeze-Fracturing in Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Life (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Špitálska Street 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
The human pineal gland is the largest producer of the hormone melatonin. Pineal acervuli (brain sand), calcified concretions in the pineal gland, have long been studied because of their association with ageing, melatonin production, and neurological disorders. The solid inorganic matter of the hydroxyapatite crystals often renders sample sectioning impossible, to the extent that the sections lose value.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrabecular meshwork ultrastructural changes in primary and secondary glaucoma.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, 500034, Hyderabad, India.
To examine ultrastructural changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This was a qualitative descriptive hospital-based study on the ultrastructure of the TM. Pure TM samples were collected after microincisional trabeculectomy from 26 patients with primary or secondary glaucoma and 10 control samples from eye bank donor corneas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChitosan induced cold tolerance in by regulating photosynthesis, antioxidant performance, and chloroplast ultrastructure.
Front Plant Sci
November 2024
College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Article Synopsis
- Cold stress significantly hinders the growth and development of seedlings in the Tibetan Plateau, but chitosan (CTS) treatment can boost their stress tolerance.
- Under cold stress, CTS improved key photosynthetic metrics and plant health by enhancing soluble sugar, protein levels, and antioxidant content, while also promoting Rubisco activity and reducing starch and sucrose levels.
- The application of CTS mitigated damage to chloroplast structures, fostered better vascular development, and upregulated cold tolerance-related genes, demonstrating its potential in improving plant resilience to cold stress.
Chromomeres, Topologically Associating Domains and Structural Organization of Chromatin Bodies in Somatic Nuclei (Macronuclei) of Ciliates.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
November 2024
Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Background: In the twentieth century, the textbook idea of packaging genomic material in the cell nucleus and metaphase chromosomes was the presence of a hierarchy of structural levels of chromatin organization: nucleosomes - nucleosomal fibrils -30 nm fibrils - chromomeres - chromonemata - mitotic chromosomes. Chromomeres were observed in partially decondensed chromosomes and interphase chromatin as ~100 nm globular structures. They were thought to consist of loops of chromatin fibres attached at their bases to a central protein core.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFerroptosis involvement in the neurotoxicity of flunitrazepam in zebrafish.
Aquat Toxicol
November 2024
School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510006, PR China. Electronic address:
In recent years, psychoactive drugs such as benzodiazepines (BZDs) have been frequently detected in water environments, however, there is still limited understanding regarding their potential impact on neurological health and underlying mechanisms. This study evaluated the neurotoxicity of the typical BZD drug flunitrazepam (FLZ, 0.2 and 5 μg/L) in zebrafish embryos and adults, and investigated the relationship between ferroptosis and FLZ-induced neurotoxicity.
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