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The effect of heavy metal availability and interaction in feed on feces heavy metal excretion in mice has rarely been investigated. In this work, feed containing a polluted soil (total Cd = 6.34, total Pb = 387 mg kg) amended with phosphate, bentonite and lime, or feed spiked with soluble Pb and Cd were fed to mice for 10 days.

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Optimal timing for lithium levels.

F1000Res

January 2025

Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Reddy and Reddy (2014) discuss the optimal timing for lithium levels in patients taking once-daily extended-release lithium formulations. They argue for blood sampling 24 h after the previous dose rather than the standard 12 h. I interpret the data quite differently.

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Administration Studies in Equine Antidoping Research: Designing Scientific Investigations to Effectively Direct Medication Control in Racehorses.

Drug Test Anal

January 2025

KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Lab (Pharmacology Section), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Pharmacokinetics studies how drugs move through the body, focusing on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, while pharmacodynamics examines the drug's effects on the body.
  • The combination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies helps correlate drug concentrations with their therapeutic effects, providing valuable data for regulatory purposes and establishing administration guidelines.
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Curcuminoids, found in turmeric ( L.), include curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). Although CUR and DMC are well-studied, the anti-inflammatory effects of BDMC remain less explored.

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Silibinin, a PLC-β3 inhibitor, inhibits mast cell activation and alleviates OVA-induced asthma.

Mol Immunol

January 2025

Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Master Program of Pharmaceutical Manufacture, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address:

The immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor FcεRI (Fc epsilon RI) plays a crucial role in allergic reactions. Recent studies have indicated that the interaction between FcεRIβ and the downstream protein phospholipase C beta 3 (PLCβ3) leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to develop small molecules that inhibit the protein-protein interactions between FcεRIβ and PLCβ3 to treat allergic inflammation.

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