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Single domain antibody: Development and application in biotechnology and biopharma.
Immunol Rev
November 2024
Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs) are a unique type of antibodies devoid of light chains, and comprised of two heavy chains-only that recognize their cognate antigen by virtue of a single variable domain also referred to as VHH, single domain antibody (sdAb), or nanobody (Nb). These functional HCAbs, serendipitous discovered about three decades ago, are exclusively found in camelids, comprising dromedaries, camels, llamas, and vicugnas. Nanobodies have become an essential tool in biomedical research and medicine, both in diagnostics and therapeutics due to their beneficial properties: small size, high stability, strong antigen-binding affinity, low immunogenicity, low production cost, and straightforward engineering into more potent affinity reagents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpression of Survivin, CK7, ASH1, HMGB3, L587S, and CLCA2 in Peripheral Blood of Lung Cancer Patients by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Cureus
July 2024
Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND.
Introduction The objective of the present study was to identify gene expression in peripheral blood by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in patients who have lung carcinoma. Material and methods Peripheral blood samples of patients with non-small cell and small cell lung cancer were collected. Target genes included survivin, CK7, ASH1, HMGB3, L587S, and CLCA2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDysfunction of Complementarity Determining Region 1 Encoded by T Cell Receptor Beta Variable Gene Is Potentially Associated with African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Pigs.
Microorganisms
May 2024
Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
The beta T-cell receptor () expressed by beta T cells is essential for foreign antigen recognition. The locus contains a family that encodes three complementarity determining regions (CDRs). CDR1 is associated with antigen recognition and interactions with MHC molecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPotent HPIV3-neutralizing IGHV5-51 Antibodies Identified from Multiple Individuals Show L Chain and CDRH3 Promiscuity.
J Immunol
May 2024
Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) is a widespread pathogen causing severe and lethal respiratory illness in at-risk populations. Effective countermeasures are in various stages of development; however, licensed therapeutic and prophylactic options are not available. The fusion glycoprotein (HPIV3 F), responsible for facilitating viral entry into host cells, is a major target of neutralizing Abs that inhibit infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDimension-agnostic and granularity-based spatially variable gene identification using BSP.
Nat Commun
November 2023
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Identifying spatially variable genes (SVGs) is critical in linking molecular cell functions with tissue phenotypes. Spatially resolved transcriptomics captures cellular-level gene expression with corresponding spatial coordinates in two or three dimensions and can be used to infer SVGs effectively. However, current computational methods may not achieve reliable results and often cannot handle three-dimensional spatial transcriptomic data.
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